Includes bibliographical references (pages 229-240) and index.
CONTENTS NOTE
Text of Note
Countries Covered by This Study -- 1. The Infrastructure Challenge -- The economic story -- The spatial and demographic story -- The environmental story -- The political story -- The funding story -- Annex 1. Estimation of infrastructure needs -- 2. Inclusive Development -- Development, inclusiveness, and infrastructure -- What is so different about infrastructure anyway? -- Connecting growth, poverty reduction, and investment through infrastructure -- Making the links: Infrastructure, trade, and logistics -- Focus on Vietnam: Infrastructure and inclusive development -- 3. Coordination -- Infrastructure is hard to do -- The "high-flying geese" theory of infrastructure -- Coordinating infrastructure levels -- Coordinating infrastructure through subnational government -- Coordinating urban infrastructure -- The geese catching up: Four snapshots -- From coordination to accountability and risk management -- Spotlight 1. Coordination and a tale of three cities: Mass Rapid Transit in Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, and Manila -- 4. Accountability and Risk Management -- When accountability and risk management fail -- Mechanisms to strengthen accountability -- Risk-sharing, accountability, and managing government support -- Spotlight 2. Learning how to share risk: The case of Partnerships Victoria -- Spotlight 3. Consumer participation, regulators, and accountability -- 5. The Way Forward -- Spotlight 4. The way forward in Indonesia and the Philippines -- Appendix A. Statistical Annex: Infrastructure Indicators -- 1. Infrastructure and the Millennium Development Goals -- 1.1. The demographic dividend -- 1.2. Infrastructure challenges in the Pacific Island countries: A case apart -- 1.3. Emerging urban infrastructure gaps in East Asia -- 1.4. Indications of the high cost of environmental pollution in China -- 1.5. Strategic environmental assessments: The Bali urban infrastructure project -- 1.6. What about efficiency? -- 1.7. So why didn't the private sector solve East Asia's infrastructure problems? -- 1.8. Risk, return, and private investment in East Asian infrastructure -- 2.1. Inclusive development with Chinese characteristics -- 2.2. Infrastructure and the Millennium Development Goals -- 2.3. The importance of infrastructure in particular poverty reduction programs varies -- 2.4. Inclusive development on a regional scale: Opportunities for landlocked Lao PDR -- 2.5. East Asia's logistics challenge-country differences -- 2.6. Integration of ports and land transport networks in Korea -- 2.7. Inclusive development: Transport access for the disabled -- 3.1. Poorly coordinated planning and finance in the Vietnamese roads sector -- 3.2. Infrastructure and fiscal space-arguments and counterarguments -- 3.3. Urban management in Vietnam -- 3.4. "Pork-Barrel" interventions in infrastructure in the Philippines -- 3.5. Indonesia's renegotiated power purchase agreements -- 3.6. Coordination from the bottom up in Indonesia: Community-driven development programs -- 3.7. Coordinating local government infrastructure, macroeconomic stability, and urban land use -- 3.8. Vision, infrastructure, and spatial planning in Thailand -- 3.9. MRT in a nutshell -- 4.1. Corruption in infrastructure in the Philippines -- 4.2. Public spending in Indonesia and the search for accountability -- 4.3. Infrastructure, accountability, and NGO perceptions: Survey results -- 4.4. Community action in rolling back environmental externalities in postwar Japan -- 4.5. Making a deal with the community: Water supply and accountability in Indonesia -- 4.6. Putting accountability mechanisms into large infrastructure projects: The Nam Theun 2 dam project -- 4.7. Technology, competition, and regulation: The push and pull of accountability in the telecoms sector -- 4.8. Choice of power sector structure in East Asia -- 4.9. Manila water: The challenges of structuring competition for the market -- 4.10. Holding regulators accountable through transparency -- 4.11. Contracting out regulatory functions -- 4.12. Franchising in Fiji -- 4.13. Top-down turnaround: The Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority -- 4.14. Coordination failure: Regulators and subsidies in the Philippine electricity sector -- 4.15. "Now you see it, now you don't": The case of currency risk -- 5.1. Managing the contribution of infrastructure to inclusive development -- 1. The "new framework": Inclusive development, coordination, and accountability and risk management -- 1.1. The association between infrastructure outcomes and per capita income levels varies -- 1.2. Savings and investment (percent GDP), average, 1993-2002 -- 1.3. Infrastructure quality ranking, World Competitiveness Report, East Asia -- 1.4. Poverty headcount index ($2/day), percent, East Asia, selected countries -- 1.5. East Asia's urban population is not yet high by global standards, but it is rising exponentially -- 1.6. Urbanization and increasing income levels are correlated in East Asia -- 1.7. Changes in vehicle ownership and road lengths -- 1.8. East Asia has attracted significant levels of private sector investment in infrastructure, although largely concentrated in a small number of countries -- 1.9. Levels of cancelled private sector infrastructure investment in East Asia are among the highest in the world -- 1.10. Estimated annual infrastructure need, East Asia, 2006-10 -- 1.11. The circular flow of funds for infrastructure -- 1.12. Few water utilities cover even operating and maintenance costs -- 1.13. Private sector investment in infrastructure (US$ billion) -- 1.14. Private sector intentions to invest in East Asian infrastructure -- 1.15. Cost of capital, by region, percent, 1998-2002 -- 1.16. East Asia, cost of equity versus returns on equity, percent, 1998-2002 -- 2.1. Links among infrastructure, poverty reduction, and growth -- 2.2. In the most open economies of the region, logistics costs are typically much lower -- 2.3. Interdependence of auto manufacturing within ASEAN -- 2.4. Vietnam: Poverty, growth, and infrastructure -- 3.1. Infrastructure development in the high-flying geese -- 3.2. Indonesia has gone through a period of fiscal contraction with important implications for infrastructure -- 4.1. Accountability as an obstacle -- 4.2. Level of stakeholder involvement -- 4.3. Corruption -- 4.4. Information -- 4.5. Public participation -- 4.6. Lao PDR governance indicators -- 4.7. Measures to enhance transparency -- 4.8. Independent regulators: Predictability and discretion -- 4.9. Comparing the costs of public and PPP procurement -- 2.1. Comparison of the growth rate and poverty reduction rate of each province in the Red River Delta region -- 4.1. Competition in international voice communications, 2003 -- 1.1. Growth, income, poverty, and population, East Asia -- 1.2. Infrastructure investment, percent GDP -- 1.3. Total road network and electricity generating capacity, 1990-2000 -- 1.4. Infrastructure access and stocks -- 1.5. There is significant variation in the speed and level of urbanization across East Asian countries -- 1.6. Inequality in access to infrastructure services in urban areas -- 1.7. Even in fast-growing Thailand, regional income and access to infrastructure can diverge significantly -- 1.8. Aid dependency in East Asia and the Pacific, 2003 -- 1.9. Investment and maintenance needs, East Asia 2006-10, $ and percent GDP -- 1.10. Investment and maintenance needs, China 2006-10, $ and percent GDP -- 1.11. Investment and maintenance needs, East Asia excluding China, 2006-10, $ and percent GDP -- 2.1. Distribution of study findings on impact of infrastructure investment on productivity or growth -- 2.2. Potential positive impacts of infrastructure services on the poor -- 3.1. Hierarchy and average population size by local government -- 3.2. Augmentation funds for local infrastructure, DPWH budget, 1997-2001 (P billion) -- 3.3. Real gross regional product per capita in areas of Thailand, 1981-95 (1988 prices) -- 4.1. Distribution of developing and transition countries by structure of power supply (mid-2004) -- 4.2. Comparison of performance, 1993 and 2003 -- 4.3. Common types of central government fiscal support for infrastructure.