عنوان

From Revolutionary Culture to Original Culture and Back:

Number

LA68r750pm

Title Proper

From Revolutionary Culture to Original Culture and Back:

General Material Designation

[Article]

First Statement of Responsibility

Galway, Matthew

Title Proper by Another Author

"On New Democracy" and the Kampucheanization of Marxism-Leninism, 1940-1965

Text of Note

In Mao Zedong's 1940 essay "On New Democracy," he states that the Chinese Communists fought to build a new China with new politics, a new economy, and, most crucially, a new culture. Decades later, Saloth Sar (Pol Pot, nom de guerre) read French translations of Mao's works in Paris, and drew from the Khmer past and Buddhism to call for democratic reform of a Khmer cultural type. While he had read and appreciated Mao Zedong Thought before, it was not until he visited Beijing in 1965-1966 that Sar awoke fully to Mao's ideas, returning to Cambodia a Maoist convert. In Democratic Kampuchea (DK, 1975-1979), Sar, like Mao, sought to create a new culture, but this time through the lens of Maoism (exported Mao Zedong Thought). Party documents and speeches show how he sought to create a "Kampucheanized" Marxism-Leninism along the lines of Mao's "Sinified" Marxism and with a "clean" revolutionary culture. This article argues that by tracking Pol Pot's approaches to rebranding Cambodia, from his earliest political writing to his experiences abroad to the grotesque human experiment of DK, we can uncover the underlying problems of "Kampucheanizing" ideas from Maoist China. As the article shows, despite some similarities, Mao's application of Marxism to the Chinese case-as he outlined in "One New Democracy"-and his vision for a new revolutionary culture were vastly different from Pol Pot's efforts in Kampuchea. Keywords: intellectual history, Mao Zedong, Maoism, Pol Pot, Democratic Kampuchea, Cambodia, communism

Date of Publication

2017

Title

UC Berkeley

Electronic name

[Article]

277182

a

Y