Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Underwater Real-Time 3-D Acoustical Imaging Systems; 1.1.1 Practical Systems; 1.1.2 Systems at Simulation Stages; 1.1.3 Summary of the Systems; 1.2 Key Techniques in Developing Underwater Real-Time 3-D Imaging Systems; 1.3 Structure of This Book; References; 2 Basic Theory for Underwater Real-Time 3-D Acoustical Imaging; 2.1 Data Model for Underwater Real-Time 3-D Imaging; 2.2 Imaging Methods; 2.2.1 Beamforming; 2.2.2 Acoustic Holography; 2.2.3 Summary of the Imaging Methods
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2.3 Parameters for Underwater Real-Time 3-D Acoustical Imaging Systems; 2.4 Image Displaying; References; 3 Fast 3-D Beamforming Methods; 3.1 Basic Beamforming Theory; 3.1.1 Time-Domain Delay-and-Sum Beamforming; 3.1.2 Frequency-Domain Direct Beamforming; 3.1.3 Delay Approximation; 3.2 General Techniques for Different Beamforming Methods; 3.2.1 Dynamic Focusing; 3.2.2 Partial Overlapping; 3.3 Time-Domain FFT Beamforming; 3.4 CZT Beamforming; 3.5 NUFFT 3-D Beamforming; 3.5.1 NUFFT; 3.5.2 Beamforming with NUFFT; 3.5.3 Accuracy Evaluation
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3.6 Compuational Load for Direct Method, CZT and NUFFT Beamforming; 3.6.1 Equispaced 2-D Arrays; 3.6.2 Arbitrary 2-D Arrays; 3.6.3 Comparison; 3.6.4 Summary; References; 4 Design of Underwater Large Sparse 2-D Arrays; 4.1 Concept of Designing Large 2-D Arrays for Underwater 3-D Imaging; 4.2 Narrowband 2-D Array; 4.2.1 Definition of Narrowband Beam Pattern; 4.2.2 Design Based on Simulated Annealing; 4.3 Fast Computation of Wideband Beam Pattern; 4.3.1 Definition of Wideband Beam Pattern; 4.3.2 Fast Computation Method; 4.3.3 Performance Evaluation; 4.4 Wideband Design; 4.4.1 Introduction
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4.4.2 Design Method; 4.4.3 Performance of the Designed Array; 4.5 UWB Ultrasparse 2-D Arrays; 4.5.1 Feasibility of Using the UWB Technique for Underwater 3-D Imaging; 4.5.2 Directivity of UWB 2-D Arrays; 4.5.3 Modulation Technique for Improving SNR; 4.5.4 Simulation for Ultrasparse UWB 3-D Imaging; 4.6 Ultralarge Ultrasparse UWB 2-D Arrays; 4.6.1 Concept; 4.6.2 Directivity of Ultralarge Ultrasparse UWB 2-D Arrays; 4.6.3 Simulation for High-Resolution UWB Underwater 3-D Imaging; References; 5 Simulation Technique; 5.1 Concept and Theory; 5.2 Implementation; References; 6 System Design
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6.1 System Structure; 6.2 Steps of System Design; 7 Existing Challenges and Future Work; 7.1 Existing Challenges; 7.2 Future Research Potentials; References
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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This book presents the topic of underwater real-time 3-D acoustical imaging covering the theory, algorithms and system design. It summarizes recent advances in wideband and ultra-wideband underwater real-time 3-D acoustical imaging, which will be very useful for developing next-generation systems. Through simulation techniques, readers are able to quickly learn and develop practical underwater real-time 3-D acoustical imaging systems of their own.