Springer theses : recognizing outstanding Ph. D. research
GENERAL NOTES
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"Doctoral thesis accepted by Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan."
INTERNAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES/INDEXES NOTE
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Includes bibliographical references.
CONTENTS NOTE
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Intro; Supervisor's Foreword; Parts of this Thesis have been Published in the Following Journal Articles:; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 General Introduction; 1.1 Ice and the Freeze Concentrated Solution (FCS); 1.2 Nano/Microfluidics and Nanospace Science; 1.3 Aim and Summary of This Thesis; References; 2 Ice Grain Boundary Electrophoresis; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Current Studies of Size-Selective Separation; 2.1.2 Concept of Ice Grain Boundary Electrophoresis; 2.2 Experimental; 2.2.1 Instrumentation; 2.2.2 Fabrication and Observation of the Ice Grain Boundary Channels
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2.2.3 Sample Injection into the Ice Grain Boundary Channels and Observation of Particle Migration2.3 Results and Discussion; 2.3.1 Morphology of the Ice Grain Boundary Formed in Sucrose-Doped Ice; 2.3.2 Migration Behavior of the Microparticles in the Ice Grain Boundary Channels; 2.3.3 Evaluation of the Ice Grain Boundary Channel Width; 2.3.4 Size-Selective Separation of the Microparticles in the Ice Grain Boundary Channels; 2.4 Summary; References; 3 Migration Behavior of Bio-materials in Ice Grain Boundary Channels; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Size-Separation of Cells
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3.1.2 Separation and Characterization of Giant DNA3.1.3 Antifreeze Proteins (AFPs) and Their Functions; 3.1.4 Objective of this Chapter; 3.2 Experimental; 3.2.1 Chemicals; 3.2.2 Staining Biomaterials with Dyes; 3.2.3 Surface Modification with AFPs; 3.2.4 Ice Grain Boundary Electrophoresis of Biomaterials and Protein-Modified Particles; 3.3 Results and Discussion; 3.3.1 Migration Behavior of Yeast Cells in Ice Grain Boundary Channels; 3.3.2 Migration Behavior of T4 GT7 DNA in the Ice Grain Boundary Channels; 3.3.3 Evaluation of the Chemical Interaction Between the AFPs and Ice
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3.4 Summary of this ChapterReferences; 4 Charging of the Ice/FCS Interface Revealed by Ice Zeta Potential Measurements; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Overview of the Zeta Potential Measurement; 4.1.2 Objective of this Chapter; 4.2 Experimental; 4.2.1 Measurement of the Electrophoretic Mobility of the Probe Particles; 4.2.2 Fabrication of Ice Microchannel and Subsequent Electrophoresis; 4.3 Results and Discussion; 4.3.1 Fabrication of the Ice Microchannel; 4.3.2 Ice Zeta Potential and Its Temperature Dependence; 4.3.3 Salt Concentration Dependence of the Ice Zeta Potential and Ion Adsorption
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4.3.4 PH Dependence of the Ice Zeta Potential4.4 Summary of this Chapter; References; 5 Viscosity Measurements of the Freeze Concentration Solution Confined in the Space Surrounded by Ice Crystals; 5.1 Introduction; 5.1.1 Overview of the Liquid in Nano/Microspaces; 5.1.2 Overview of Viscosity Measurements in Nano/Microspaces; 5.1.3 Objective; 5.2 Experimental; 5.2.1 Emission Intensity Measurements of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in the FCS; 5.2.2 Lifetime Measurement of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in the FCS; 5.2.3 Fluorescence Correlation (FCor) Spectroscopy Measurements; 5.3 Results and Discussion
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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This book explores the possibility of using micro/nanostructures formed on the doped ice surface as a novel separation platform. In addition, it provides comprehensive information on the nature of freeze-concentrated solutions (FCSs) and the ice/FCS interface, which play important roles in the natural environment and industrial processes alike. The book proposes a novel size-selective separation approach using channels formed on the doped ice surface. The separation is based on the physical interaction of analytes with channel walls, which is controlled by varying the channel width through temperature and dopant concentration changes. It also shows the precise control of the channel width to be in a range of 200 nmâ#x80;#x93;4 μm and demonstrates the size-selective separation of microspheres, cells, and DNA. The physicochemical properties of FCSs are measured to reveal the nature of the ice/FCS interface, and the zeta potentials of ice are measured by determining EOF rates in a microchannel fabricated in the ice. The deprotonation at OH dangling bonds and adsorption of ions are also discussed. The viscosities of FCSs confined in micro/nanospaces are evaluated by means of two spectroscopic methods. When an FCS is confined in small spaces surrounded by ice, the viscosity increases compared to that in a bulk solution. Interestingly, this viscosity enhancement occurs even though its size is on the micrometer scale. These parameters are essential to discussing the unique phenomena occurring in FCSs. This book provides an explanation of the scientific processes taking place in FCSs, and reveals the potential that frozen solutions hold as innovative micro/nanofluidic devices and reaction platforms.