Intro; Acknowledgments; Contents; Part I: Anatomy; 1: General Anatomy; 1.1 Anatomy of the Eyeball; 1.1.1 The Eyeball; 1.1.2 The Cornea; 1.1.3 The Sclera; 1.1.4 The Uveal Tract; 1.1.5 Iris; 1.1.6 The Ciliary Body; 1.1.7 The Choroid; 1.1.8 The Retina; 1.1.9 Macula; 1.1.10 Ora Serrata; 1.1.11 The Anterior Chamber Angle; 1.1.12 The Lens; 1.1.13 The Aqueous; 1.1.14 Vitreous; 1.1.15 The External Anatomic Landmarks; 1.2 Anatomy of the Visual Pathway; 1.2.1 Retina; 1.2.2 Optic Nerve; 1.2.3 Anterior Junction Syndrome; 1.2.4 Chiasm
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1.2.5 Optic Tract/Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)1.2.6 Optic Radiations; 1.2.7 Occipital Cortex; 1.3 Anatomy of the Ocular Adnexa; 1.3.1 Orbit; 1.3.2 Palpebral; 1.3.2.1 Blood Supply; 1.3.2.2 Lymphatic Drainage [8]; 1.3.3 Conjunctiva; 1.3.4 Lacrimal Apparatus; 1.3.4.1 Lacrimal Gland; 1.3.4.2 Lacrimal Passage; Bone Lacrimal Passage; Membranous Lacrimal Passage; 1.3.5 Extraocular Muscles; References; 2: Ocular Structure Change and Specific Feature When Encountered with Trauma and Pearls; 2.1 Eyeball; 2.2 Visual Pathway; 2.2.1 Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
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2.2.2 Precanalicular Injury2.2.3 Canalicular Injury; 2.3 Ocular Adnexa; 2.3.1 The Orbital Trauma; 2.3.2 Medial Orbital Wall; 2.3.3 Orbital Septal System; 2.3.4 Motor Nerves of the Orbit; 2.3.5 Smooth Muscles; Part II: Examinations; 3: Visual Function Examination; 3.1 Visual Acuity; 3.1.1 Distant Vision; 3.1.1.1 How Is the Visual Acuity Chart Designed?; 3.1.1.2 Determination of Distant Vision; 3.1.1.3 Things that Should Be Paid Attention To; 3.1.2 Near Vision; 3.2 Visual Field; 3.2.1 General Concept; 3.2.1.1 Unit and Standardization; 3.2.1.2 Difference Light Threshold
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3.2.1.3 The Fluctuation of Light Threshold3.2.2 General Knowledge of Visual Field; 3.2.2.1 The Concept of Normal Visual Field; The Absolute Boundary of the Visual Field Reaches a Certain Range; The Light Sensitivity Is Normal in Every Spot of the Full Visual Field; 3.2.2.2 Island of Vision; 3.2.2.3 Isopter; 3.2.2.4 Physiological Blind Spot; 3.2.2.5 The Symmetry of the Normal Field of Vision; 3.2.3 Clinical Perimetry and Perimeter Categories; 3.2.3.1 Kinetic Test; 3.2.3.2 Static Test; 3.2.3.3 Superthreshold Test, Screening Test; 3.2.3.4 Testing Methods; Face-to-Face Test
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Perimeter Test (Fig. 3.1)3.2.3.5 Visual Field Recording; The Reliability of Visual Field Measurement; Threshold Values; Grayscale Printouts; Total Deviation; Pattern Deviation; Visual Field Indices; 3.2.3.6 Factors that Affect the Visual Field; Age; Fixation; The Degree of Adaptation or Dark Adaptation of the Examined Eye; Pupil Size; Ametropia; Learning Effect and the Degree of Coordination; The Position of the Upper Eyelid and the Rim of the Frame; Detection Time; 3.2.3.7 The Strategy Choice of Automatic Perimetry; 3.2.3.8 Baseline and Follow-Up; 3.2.4 Abnormal Visual Field
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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This book aimed to provide the most thorough knowledge of ocular anatomy related to trauma and standard ocular examinations to clinical practitioners, such as the nurses, medical students, residents, fellows and even ophthalmologists, to help them making the most appropriate decision on the management of patients who have suffered from such ocular conditions. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the eyeball and the traumatic characteristics of each structure of the eyeball are a prerequisite for proper interpretation of long-term outcomes of mechanical eye injuries. The first part provides the audiences general information of ocular anatomy, which will help them understand the basic anatomic knowledge and generate a clinical thinking. The following part provides the detailed examinations. They will help readers to make the right diagnose and offer the best advice or treatment to the patients. For each chapter, detailed clinical workup, clinical presentations and signs, and pictures or illustrative figures will be provided. Part 3 will benefit more medical coworkers to be familiar with the registration system of ocular trauma and its social and medical meaning. This will also help the advances of epidemiology and proper treatment approaches for ocular trauma. Hopefully this book may help the clinical practitioners to be fully prepared for any challenge of ocular traumatic cases.