Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Illustrations; Preface; Acknowledgments; Note on Usage and Pronunciation; Introduction: Ethnicity, the Concept of a Nation, and the Bosnian Muslims; The Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism; Ethnicity and the Modern State; Notes; Chapter 1: Origin of the Bosnian Muslims; Early Balkan Settlement; The Balkans in the Middle Ages; Medieval Religious Practice in the Balkans; Church Attacks on Heresy in Bosnia; The Ottoman Invasion and Conquest of Bosnia; Notes; Chapter 2: Bosnian Muslims in the Ottoman Empire; Social Structure
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Chapter 9: The Case of the Bosnian Muslims: Relevance for the Social SciencesFactors Influencing Interethnic Tensions; The Case of the Bosnian Muslims in the Former Yugoslavia; Implications of the Conflict; Importance of the Ethnonationalistic View of International Affairs; Notes; Selected Bibliography 261 About the Book and Author; Index
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Decay of the Ottoman EmpireBosnian Versus Ottoman Identification; Notes; Chapter 3: Bosnian Muslims Under Austro-Hungarian Rule; Austro-Hungarian Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Resistance to Austro-Hungarian Occupation; Austro-Hungarian Administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Habsburg Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bosnian Muslim Gains from Annexation; World War I; Notes; Chapter 4: Bosnian Muslims in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; Post-World War I Europe; Creation of Yugoslavia; Parliamentary Democracy in the Yugoslav Kingdom
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Rationale for Bosnian Muslim National RecognitionConclusion; Notes; Chapter 7: Bosnian Muslims and the Dynamics of Post-Tito Politics; Yugoslavia After Tito; Bosnian Muslim Status in Yugoslavia During the 1980s; Rise of Nationalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Notes; Chapter 8: Collapse of Yugoslavia and the Fate of the Bosnian Muslims; Yugoslavia's Democratic Elections and Their Aftermath; Bosnian Muslims as a Bulwark Between Serbs and Croats; Economic and Foreign Policy Implications of the Recognition of the Bosnian Muslims; Conclusion; Notes
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The Yugoslav Muslim Organization in Interwar YugoslaviaThe Royal Dictatorship; The Sporazum; Bosnian Muslim Self-Identification in the Yugoslav Kingdom; Bosnian Muslim Influence in Interwar Yugoslavia; Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 5: Bosnian Muslims in World War II; Yugoslavia's Entry into World War II; Defeat of Yugoslavia; Bosnian Muslims Under Fascist Rule; Resistance During World War II; Notes; Chapter 6: Growth of Bosnian Muslim Nationalism Under Tito; Post-World War II Yugoslavia; Yugoslav National Policy; Politicization of Bosnian Muslim Consciousness
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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Although their plight now dominates television news worldwide, the Bosnian Muslims were until recently virtually unknown outside of Yugoslavia. This meticulously researched, comprehensive book traces the turbulent history of the Bosnian Muslims and shows how their mixed secular and religious identity has shaped the conflict in which they are now so tragically embroiled. Although their plight now dominates television news worldwide, the Bosnian Muslims were until recently virtually unknown outside of Yugoslavia. Who are these people? Why are they the focus of their former neighbors rage? What role did they play in Yugoslavia before they became the victims of ethnic cleansing? Why has Bosnia-Hercegovina, once a model of ethnic tolerance and multicultural harmony, suddenly exploded into ethnic violence?Focusing on these questions, Friedman provides a comprehensive study of this national group whose plight has riveted governments, the press, and the public alike. With a name reflecting both their religious and their national identity, the Bosnian Muslims are unique in Europe as indigenous Slavic Muslims. Descendants of schismatic Christians from the Middle Ages, they converted to Islam after the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia. The book follows them as they went from victims of crusades during the Middle Ages to members of the ruling elite within the Ottoman Empire; from rulers back to subjects under Austria-Hungary; and later subjects again, this time under the Serbs in the interwar Yugoslav Kingdom and the Communists after World War II. The Bosnian Muslims have survived through it all, even thriving during certain periods, most notably when they were recognized by Tito as a nation. Meticulously tracing their turbulent history and assessing the issues surrounding Bosnian Muslim nationhood in Yugoslavia, Friedman shows us how the mixed secular and religious identity of the Bosnian Muslims has shaped the conflict in which they are now so tragically embroiled.