Cover; Acknowledgements; Contents; Introduction; Questions; 1 What is criminological theory?; 1.1 Introduction to criminological theory; 1.2 Classical criminology; 1.2.1 What is classical criminology?; 1.2.2 The impact of classicism; 1.2.3 Neo-classical criminology; 1.3 Positivist criminology; 1.3.1 Positivism and method; 1.3.2 Positivism and explanations; Revision box; Suggested reading; Questions; References; 2 Definitions, terminology and the criminal process; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The judicial process; 2.3 Formal sources of criminal law; 2.4 Underlying influences; 2.5 Defining a crime.
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2.5.1 Formal legalistic definition2.5.2 Basic elements of most crimes; 2.5.3 What actions are criminalised?; 2.5.4 Particular cases; 2.5.5 Definitions and usage; 2.6 Enforcement of criminal laws; 2.7 The criminal; 2.8 Terminology and classification; 2.8.1 Felonies and misdemeanours; 2.8.2 Arrestable and non-arrestable offences; 2.8.3 Indictable and summary offences; 2.9 Appeals; 2.10 Limits of prosecution; 2.11 Evidence; 2.12 Punishment; Questions; References; 3 Public conceptions and misconceptions of crime; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Popular and media perceptions of crime.
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3.3 Effects of media on public perceptions of crime3.4 Two less visible areas of crime; 3.4.1 Introduction; 3.4.2 White-collar crime; 3.4.3 Corporate crime or organisational crime; 3.5 Media hype and folk devils; Suggested reading; Questions; Useful websites; References; 4 The extent of crime: a comparison of official and unofficial calculations; 4.1 Official statistics; 4.1.1 Introduction; 4.1.2 Reasons for reporting and non-reporting of offences; 4.1.3 Police recording of crimes; 4.1.4 Other official effects on crime statistics; 4.2 The dark figure of crime; 4.2.1 Self-report studies.
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4.2.2 Victim or crime surveys4.3 Why are statistics collected?; 4.4 Conclusion; Suggested reading; Questions; Useful websites; References; 5 Victims, survivors and victimology; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The extent of the problem; 5.3 Who is at risk and why?; 5.3.1 Victimisation in and out of the workplace; 5.3.2 Ethnic minorities; 5.3.3 Other groups at risk; 5.3.4 What is a victim?; Revision box; 5.4 Who fears crime?; 5.5 Support and services for victims; 5.5.1 Victims in the criminal justice process; 5.5.2 Victims and the voluntary sector; 5.6 Victim precipitation and lifestyle.
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5.6.1 Victim precipitation5.6.2 Victim lifestyles and criminality; 5.7 Conclusion; Suggested reading; Questions; Useful websites; References; 6 Influences of physical factors and genetics on criminality; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 The birth of positivism: Lombroso and after; 6.2.1 New ideas in biological positivism; 6.3 Genetic factors; 6.3.1 Introduction; 6.3.2 Inherited genetic factors: family studies; 6.3.3 Twin studies; 6.3.4 Adoption studies; 6.3.5 Can genetics explain crime?; 6.3.6 An assessment of genetic factors; 6.4 Conclusion; Revision box; Suggested reading; Questions; Useful websites.
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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Textbook on Criminology offers an engaging and wide-ranging account of crime and criminology, addressing the theoretical, practical, and political aspects of the subject. The clarity of approach makes it an ideal text for students wishing to gain a firm grasp of the fundamental issues, together with an appreciation of some of the complexities surrounding the study of criminology. The author deals with the major questions of criminology, such as 'how do you define a crime?', 'why do people become criminals?', and 'how should we deal with criminals?'. Each question is studied from an objective a.