Educational psychology: A tool for effective teaching -- Cognitive and language development -- Social contexts and socioemotional development -- Individual variations -- Sociocultural diversity -- Learners who are exceptional -- Behavioral and social cognitive approaches -- The information-processing approach -- Complex cognitive processes -- Social constructivist approaches -- Learning and cognition in the content areas -- Planning, instruction, and technology -- Motivation, teaching, and learning -- Managing the classroom -- Standardized tests and teaching -- Classroom assessment and grading.