My aim in this paper is to show that the Iranian constitution, with respect to women's rights, is vague and ambiguous. If one only looks at the text of the constitution and its current interpretation, both cannot be considered as guaranteeing women's rights in the sense of modern human rights. But one can still ask the question: Could it not be the case that this arbitrary character of the constitution can be exploited? This is where the actual role of the people comes in, which is not the topic of this paper but its most important context.