عنوان

Legal aspects of international drug control.

(Number (ISBN

9401185212

(Number (ISBN

9789401185219

Number

b596179

Title Proper

Legal aspects of international drug control.

General Material Designation

[Book]

First Statement of Responsibility

S K Chatterjee

Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.

[Place of publication not identified]

Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.

Springer

Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.

1981

Text of Note

10.1.1 A Critical Examination of the Limitation Regime.- 10.1.2 Comments.- 10.2 Estimates of Drug Requirements under the Single Convention as a means of Limiting Manufacture and Importation of Drugs.- 10.3 Statistical Returns of Governments as a Complementary Method to the Estimates System under the Single Convention.- 10.4 A Critical Examination of the Estimates and Statistical Returns Systems.- 10.4.1 Estimating Grossly?.- 10.4.2 Incompleteness of Statistics.- 10.4.3 Comments.- 11: Control of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.1.1 The General Provision Concerning Trade in and Distribution of Narcotic Drugs and Substances under the Single Convention.- 11.1.2 The Special Provisions Relating to International Trade in Narcotic Drugs.- 11.1.2.1 Some Extra Measures Concerning Export of Drugs.- 11.1.3 The Provisions Concerning International Action Against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs.- 11.1.4 The Penal Provisions Concerning Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs.- 11.2 A Critical Examination of the Provisions of the Single Convention Concerning Control of Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs.- 11.2.1 The Limits of Control of Domestic Trade in and Distribution of Narcotic Drugs.- 11.2.2 The Limits of International Action Against the Illicit Trade in Narcotic Drugs.- 11.2.3 The Limits of International Action Against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs.- 11.2.4 The Limits of Penal Measures.- 11.2.5 The Provisions Concerning Settlement of Disputes.- 11.2.6 Comments.- 12: An Examination of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Scope of Control.- 12.2.1 Comments.- 12.3 Means of Control.- 12.3.1 Licences.- 12.3.2 Records.- 12.3.3 Accountability.- 12.4 Remedial and Punitive Measures in the Event of Abuse of Psychotropic Substances.- 12.4.1 Remedial Measures.- 12.4.2 Penal Measures.- 12.5 Provisions Relating to International Trade.- 12.6 Other Provisions.- 12.7 Comments.- IV Contributions of Some of the Inter-Governmental and International Non-Governmental Organizations Concerned with the Eradication of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Narcotic Drugs.- 13: The Organization and Functions of Interpol and the Ingos in the Control of the Drug-Trade.- 13.1 The International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol).- 13.1.1 Introduction.- 13.1.2 Method and Scope of its Functions.- 13.1.3 Classification of its Functions.- 13.1.3.1 Preventive Functions.- 13.1.3.2 Curative Functions.- 13.1.4 Comments.- 13.2 International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs).- 13.2.1 A Brief Account of some such Organizations.- 13.2.2 Relationship between the INGOs and the World Organization.- 13.2.3 Law-Making Functions of the INGOs.- 13.2.4 Comments.- Conclusions.- Section I.- Section II (Reflections on the Problem of an International Legal Order with reference to Drug-Abuse).- League of Nations Documents.- United Nations Documents.- World Health Organization Technical Report Series.- Miscellaneous Documents.- Table of Cases.- Appendices.

Text of Note

I A Survey of the History of Drug-Use and Early Moves Towards International Control.- 1: Social and Cultural Aspects of Drug-Use and Historical Origins of the Use of Opium.- 1.1 Social and Cultural Aspects of Drug-Use.- 1.1.1 Causes of Demand for Drugs.- 1.2 Historical Origins of the Use of Opium.- 1.3 Early International Action for the Control of the Use of Opium.- 1.3.1 International Action for the Control of Illicit Trade and Traffic in Opium between the Sixteenth Century and the Shanghai Conference of 1909.- 1.3.2 The Anti-Opium Movement before the Shanghai Conference of 1909.- 1.3.3 Comments.- 2: International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1909 and 1919.- 2.1 International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1909 and 1911.- 2.1.1 Introduction.- 2.1.2 The Shanghai Commission.- 2.1.2.1 Its Objectives.- 2.1.2.2 An Analysis of the Reports Submitted by the Participant States.- 2.1.2.3 An Analysis of the Shanghai Resolutions.- 2.1.2.4 China Re-visited.- 2.1.2.5 An Evaluation of the Shanghai Commission.- 2.2 International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Opium between 1912 and 1919.- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 The Hague Opium Convention of 1912.- 2.2.2.1 An Analysis of the Convention.- 2.2.2.2 An Evaluation of the Convention.- 2.2.3 The Second Hague Opium Conference.- 2.2.4 The Third Hague Opium Conference.- 2.2.5 Comments.- II International Action for the Control of Trade and Traffic in Drugs between 1920 and 1944.- 3: The Organizational and Functional Framework as Devised by the League of Nations for the Purpose of Controlling the Manufacture of, and Trade and Traffic in, Drugs.- 3.1 The Assembly and the Council of the League of Nations.- 3.1.1 The Scope of Work of the Assembly and the Council.- 3.1.2 Functions of the Assembly and the Council.- 3.1.3 Comments.- 3.2 The Advisory Committee on the Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs.- 3.2.1 Composition.- 3.2.2 Functions of the Opium Advisory Committee on the Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs.- 3.2.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2.2 Opium Advisory Committee as an aid to the League of Nations in Formulating Policies of Drug-Control.- 3.2.2.3 Opium Advisory Committee as a Supervisory Organ.- 3.2.3 Comments.- 3.3 The Permanent Central Board.- 3.3.1 Introduction.- 3.3.2 Composition.- 3.3.3 Functions of the Permanent Central Board.- 3.3.3.1 To Obtain Current Information Concerning the Actual Production/Manufacture, Stock, Consumption etc.

Text of Note

of Drugs.- 3.3.3.2 To Supervise the Estimates of Drugs.- 3.4 The Supervisory Body.- 3.4.1 Composition.- 3.4.2 Functions of the Supervisory Body.- 3.5 The Health Committee of the League of Nations.- 3.5.1 Composition.- 3.5.2 Functions of the Health Committee.- 4: An Examination of the Agreements and Conventions on Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs Concluded between 1920 and 1944.- 4.1 The First Geneva Agreement on Opium, 1925.- 4.1.1 A Critical Examination of the Agreement.- 4.1.2 Comments.- 4.2 The Geneva International Opium Convention of 1925.- 4.2.1 Introduction.- 4.2.2 An Analysis of the Convention.- 4.2.2.1 The Scope of the Convention.- 4.2.2.2 The Creation of the Permanent Central Board.- 4.2.2.3 The Creation and Implementation of the System of Import Certificates and Export Authorization.- 4.2.2.4 The Control of International Trade in Drugs.- 4.2.3 The Problems Encountered in Formulating this Convention.- 4.2.3.1 Problems of Definition of "Drugs".- 4.2.3.2 Absence of Consensus in Bringing About a More Effective Limitation of the Production or Manufacture of Narcotic Substances.- 4.2.3.3 Problems in Securing the Universal Application of this Convention.- 4.3 The Agreement Concerning the Suppression of Opium Smoking, 1931.- 4.3.1 Introduction.- 4.3.2 A Brief Account of the Opium-Smoking Situation in the Countries in the Far East.- 4.3.2.1 Burma.- 4.3.2.2 Formosa.- 4.3.2.3 Kwantung Leased Territory.- 4.3.2.4 The British Possessions in the Far East (Malaya and Hong Kong).- 4.3.2.5 The French Possession in the Far East (Indo-China).- 4.3.2.6 The Portuguese Possession in the Far East (Macao).- 4.3.2.7 The Netherlands Indies.- 4.3.3 The Commission of Enquiry into the Control of Opium-Smoking in the Far East.- 4.3.4 An Evaluation of the Agreement.- 4.4 The Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs, 1931.- 4.4.1 Introduction.- 4.4.2 The Anatomy of the Convention.- 4.4.3 An Analysis of the Convention.- 4.4.3.1 Estimates.- 4.4.3.2 Limitation of Manufacture.- 4.4.3.3 Prohibition, Restriction and Control.- 4.4.3.4 The Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Drugs.- 4.4.3.5 Administrative Provisions.- 4.4.4 Putting the Convention to Test.- 4.4.4.1 When is an Estimate not an Estimate?.- 4.4.4.2 Limits of Limitation.- 4.4.4.3 When "Control" means "Relative Restriction".- 4.4.4.4 When Intimidation is more Effective than Assault.- 4.5 The Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs, 1936.- 4.5.1 Introduction.- 4.5.2 The Anatomy of the Convention.- 4.5.3 An Analysis of the Convention.- 4.5.3.1 Provisions Aimed at Improving Domestic Legislation to Suppress the Illicit Traffic in Drugs.- 4.5.3.2 Provisions Designed to Prevent Offenders from Escaping Punishment on Technical Grounds, and to Confiscate the:Materials intended to be put into Illicit Traffic.- 4.5.3.3 Provisions concerning Administration and International Co-operation.- 4.5.3.4 Other Provisions.- 4.5.4 A Sigh of Relief?.- 4.5.4.1 Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs-League Style.- 4.5.4.2 When "Punishment" means "Entering a Caution" only.- 4.5.4.3 Co-operation for Non-Co-operation.- 4.6 Re-visiting the Conventions.- 4.6.1 Introduction.- 4.6.2 The Geneva International Opium Convention of 1925.- 4.6.3 The Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs, 1931.- 4.6.4 The Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs, 1936.- 4.7 Conclusions: Reflections on the Problem of an International Legal Order with Reference to Drug-Abuse.- III The Structure and Methods of International Drug Control through the United Nations.- 5: The Organizational Framework of the United Nations in Relation to the Control of Drugs.- 5.1 The Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.- 5.1.1 Functions of the Economic and Social Council.- 5.1.1.1 Functions under Article 62 of the UN Charter.- 5.1.1.2 Functions under Article 66 of the UN Charter.- 5.1.1.3 Functions under Articles 57 and 63 of the UN Charter.- 5.1.1.4 Comments.- 5.2 The Commission on Narcotic Drugs.- 5.2.1 Functions Emanating from the Narcotic Treaties.- 5.2.1.1 Functions Emanating from the Conventions and Protocols prior to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961.- (a) Suppression of Opium-Smoking.- (b) Implementation of the Existing System of Control.- (c) Limitation of the Production of Raw Materials.- (d) Limitation of the Manufacture of Drugs.- (e) Suppression of Illicit Traffic.- (i) Collection of Information Concerning Illicit Traffic in Drugs.- (ii) Action against Illicit Trade.- (f) Study of the Drug Problem.- (g) Technical Assistance/Technical Co-opertion in Drug Control.- 5.2.1.2 Functions Emanating from the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.- 5.2.1.3 Functions Emanating from the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.- 5.2.2 Functions Imposed upon the Commission by the Economic and Social Council in virtue of Article 62 of the UN Charter.- 5.2.3 Functions Emanating from the Rules of Procedure of the Functional Commissions of the Economic and Social Council.- 5.2.4 Comments.- 5.3 The International Narcotics Control Board.- 5.3.1 Functions of the International Narcotics Control Board under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.- 5.3.1.1 Administration of the Estimates System.- 5.3.1.2 Administration of the Statistical Returns System.- 5.3.1.3 To take Measures to Ensure the Execution of the Convention.- 5.3.1.4 Vigilance over the Manufacture and Importation of Drugs.- 5.3.2 Functions of the International Narcotics Control Board under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.- 5.3.3 An Evaluation of the International Narcotics Control Board.- 5.4 The WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence.- 5.4.1 The Structure of the Expert Committee on Drug Dependence.- 5.4.1.1 Membership.- 5.4.1.2 Privileges and Immunities Granted to Experts.- 5.4.1.3 Experts' Decision-Making Capacity?.- 5.4.2 Functions of the Expert Committee on Drug Dependence.- 5.4.2.1 To Consider the Dependence Liability of a Drug and to Determine the Level of Control.- 5.4.2.2 To Classify Drugs in Accordance with the Level of Control Required.- 5.4.2.3 To Suggest Remedies to the Problems of Dependence on Drugs.- 5.4.2.4 Miscellaneous Functions.- (a) Coded Information on Narcotics.- (b) Treatment of Drug Addicts and their Rehabilitation.- (c) Education and Training Programs.- 5.4.2.5 Relationship between the World Health Organization and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in the International Control of Narcotic Drugs within the Framework of the United Nations.- 5.4.2.6 Comments.- 6: An Examination of the Drug Protocols Concluded During the UN Period (Prior to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961).- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The "1946 Protoco".- 6.3 The "1948 Protocol".- 6.4 Comments.- 6.5 The "1953 Protocol".- 6.5.1 A Critical Examination of the Protocol.- 6.5.2 Comments.- 7: An Examination of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Objectives of the Convention.- 7.3 The Scope of Control.- 7.4 Comments.- 7.5 General Obligations.- 7.6 Comments.- 8: Limitation on Cultivation.- 8.1 The General Provisions Concerning Limitation on Cultivation.- 8.2 A Critical Examination of the Provisions Concerning Limitation on Cultivation.- 8.2.1 When isn't "Changed" the Converse of "Unchanged"?.- 8.2.2 When "Stringency" Stands for "Leniency".- 8.3 Comments.- 9: Limitation on the Production of Opium.- 9.1 The General Provisions Concerning Limitation on Production of Opium.- 9.2 A Critical Examination of the Provisions Concerning Limitation on Production of Opium.- 9.2.1 When "Prohibition" means "Restriction" only.- 9.2.2 Controlling without Organizing.- 9.2.3 Uprooting the Evil?.- 9.2.4 The Improbabilities of Limitation of Production.- 9.3 Comments.- 10: Manufacture and Importation of Drugs: Limitation Thereof.- 10.1 The General Provisions Concerning Limitation of Manufacture and Importation of Drugs.-

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S K Chatterjee

S K Chatterjee

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