1 Fail-safe control systems: an introduction --; References --; 2 Software fault tolerance --; 2.1 Introduction --; 2.2 What is software fault tolerance? --; 2.3 Sequential, concurrent and real-time systems --; 2.4 Analysis and synthesis tool --; 2.5 An overview of software fault tolerance techniques --; 2.6 Software fault tolerance in sequential systems --; 2.7 Software fault tolerance in concurrent systems --; 2.8 Transaction processing and distributed decisionmechanisms in distributed systems --; References --; 3 Software reliability: the way forward --; 3.1 Advantages and disadvantages of programmable systems --; 3.2 Features of software related failures --; 3.3 Reliability/integrity in design --; 3.4 The approach to safety/reliability assessment --; 3.5 Limitations and drawbacks of software assessments --; 3.6 The way forward --; References --; 4 Design principles for diagnostics decision support systems --; 4.1 Introduction --; 4.2 The operators'model --; 4.3 Diagnostic support --; 4.4 Conclusions --; 5 A fault tolerant control scheme --; 5.1 Summary --; 5.2 Introduction --; 5.3 Feedback path --; 5.4 Controller assessment --; 5.5 Decision and monitoring --; 5.6 Conclusions --; References --; 6 Fault tolerant procedures for boiler control systems design --; 6.1 Introduction --; 6.2 Motivation and design criteria --; 6.3 Scope of the problem --; 6.4 Computer architecture --; 6.5 Control loop structure --; 6.6 Scanners and data input --; 6.7 Output commands and actuator drives --; 6.8 Control algorithm --; 6.9 Operator interface --; 6.10 Software structure --; 6.11 Conclusions --; References --; 7 Framework for the design and assessment of safety related control systems --; 7.1 Introduction --; 7.2 Systems under consideration --; 7.3 Considerations underlying the guidelines --; 7.4 Safety principles --; 7.5 Design and assessment general framework --; 7.6 Application of the safety principles --; 7.7 Total system environment --; 7.8 Protection systems --; 7.9 Safety cases for CIMAH --; 7.10 Future development: General --; 7.11 Future development: Application-specific guidelines --; 7.12 Future development: Standards --; 7.13 Summary --; References --; 8 Failure-to-safety in turbine-generator control --; 8.1 Introduction --; 8.2 Modes of failure --; 8.3 Provisions to assure failure-to-safety --; 8.4 Fault detection requirements --; 8.5 Condition monitoring --; 8.6 Conclusion --; References --; 9 Expert systems for monitoring process control --; 9.1 Introduction --; 9.2 Benefits of the expert system --; 9.3 Process monitoring --; 9.4 Speed considerations --; 9.5 The use of history --; 9.6 Trending and forecasting --; 9.7 Supporting data acquisition --; 9.8 Meta process control --; References --; 10 Robust fault diagnosis in dynamic systems --; 10.1 Introduction --; 10.2 Problem specification --; 10.3 Robust fault detection --; 10.4 The sensor fault detection problem --; 10.5 IFD system design example --; 10.6 IFD simulation results --; 10.7 Conclusion --; References --; 11 Prediction of failure conditions --; 11.1 Introduction --; 11.2 Study objectives --; 11.3 Approach to analysis --; 11.4 Presentation and discussion of results --; 11.5 Conclusions --; 12 Accident management and failure analysis --; 12.1 Introduction --; 12.2 Nuclear safety --; 12.3 The accident --; 12.4 The accident response --; 12.5 The automatic response --; 12.6 The tailored response --; 12.7 The emergency plan --; 13 Decision support systems and emergency management --; 13.1 Introduction --; 13.2 The problem --; 13.3 The multiple-criteria approach --; 13.4 Overview of the l3-decision support software --; 13.5 A case study from chemical industry --; 13.6 Conclusions --; References --; 14 Safety integrity management using expert systems --; 14.1 Introduction --; 14.2 Safety and risk analysis --; 14.3 The effects of applying safety and risk analysis --; 14.4 Safety integrity management --; 14.5 Knowledge-base contents --; 14.6 Summary of system functions --; 14.7 Discussion --; References --; 15 Power system alarm analysis and fault diagnosis using expert Systems --; 15.1 Introduction --; 15.2 Expert systems for power system alarm analysis already developed --; 15.3 Existing substation control arrangements --; 15.4 Discussion of alarm data flow --; 15.5 Expert system requirements --; 15.6 User interface --; 15.7 Requirements under different fault conditions --; 15.8 Data structure --; 15.9 Expert system structure --; 15.10 Demonstrator phase objective --; References --; 16Intelligent process control --; 16.1 Introduction --; 16.2 Why an expert system for process control? --; 16.3 What should an expert system for process control consist of? --; 16.4 Integrating the expert system in the control system of the plant --; 16.5 Conclusions --; References --; 17 New technology for improved quality control and security of process operations --; 17.1 Introduction --; 17.2 Conventional regulation and its limitations --; 17.3 Techniques that can address product control --; 17.4 A simple comparison of conventional and predictive control --; 17.5 Discussion --; References.
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
11 . 2 Study objectives 147 11 . 3 Approach to analysis 147 11. 4 Presentation and discussion of results 151 11 . 5 Conclusions 165 12 Accident management and failure analysis G.C. Meggitt 170 12. 1 Introduction 170 12. 2 Nuclear safety 170 12. 3 The accident 171 12. 4 The accident response 171 12. 5 The automatic response 171 12. 6 The tailored response 173 12. 7 The emergency plan 181 13 Decision support systems and emergency management M. Grauer 182 13. 1 Introduction 182 13. 2 The problem 183 13. 3 The multiple-criteria approach 184 3 13. 4 OveNiew of the 1-decision support software 186 13. 5 A case study from chemical industry 189 13. 6 Conclusions 195 References 196 14 Safety integrity management using expert systems Dr P. Andow 198 14. 1 Introduction 198 14. 2 Safety and risk analysis 198 14. 3 The effects of applying safety and risk analysis 199 14. 4 Safety integrity management 201 14. 5 Knowledge-base contents 204 14. 6 Summary of system functions 204 14. 7 Discussion 205 References 205 15 Power system alarm analysis and fault diagnosis using expert systems P.H. Ashmole 207 15. 1 Introduction 207 15. 2 Expert systems for power system alarm analysis already developed 208 15. 3 Existing substation control arrangements 209 15. 4 Discussion of alarm data flow 210 15. 5 Expert system requirements 210 15. 6 User interface 211 15. 7 Requirements under different fault conditions 211 15.