عنوان

Lipids and lipid polymers in higher plants.

(Number (ISBN

3642666329

(Number (ISBN

9783642666322

Number

b572376

Title Proper

Lipids and lipid polymers in higher plants.

General Material Designation

[Book]

Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.

[Place of publication not identified]

Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.

Springer-Verlag Berlin An

Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.

2012

Text of Note

Degradation by Microorganisms.- 1. Isolation and Characterization of Cutinases.- 2. Characterization of Cutinases as Glycoproteins.- III. Degradation by Animals.- E. Conclusions.- References.- 16 The Intermolecular Structure of Some Plant Cutins.- References.

Text of Note

Section 1. Function, Organization and Lipid Composition of Biomembranes.- 1 Functional Organization of Biomembranes.- A. Introduction.- B. Membrane Functions.- I. Membrane Diversity.- II. Membranes as Barriers.- III. Lipids and Permeability.- IV. Specific Transport.- V. Membrane Flow and Membrane Families.- VI. General Principles of Cellular Compartmentation.- C. Membrane Biogenesis.- D. Intracellular Membranes and Their Compartments.- E. The Role of Lipid Self-Assembly.- F. The Molecular Architecture of Elementary Membranes.- G. Conventional Electron Microscopy of Biomembranes.- References.- 2 The Prenyllipids of the Membranes of Higher Plants.- A. Introduction.- B. Localization.- I. Intracellular Distribution.- II. Intraorganelle Distribution.- C. Localization of Biosynthesis.- I. General Pattern of Synthesis.- II. Synthesis in the Chloroplast.- 1. Formation of Acetyl-CoA.- 2. Formation of Mevalonic Acid.- 3. Conversion of MVA into Carotenoids.- 4. Formation of Mixed Terpenoids.- a) General.- b) Tocopherols.- D. Regulation of Prenyllipid Synthesis.- I. Terpenes.- References.- 3 Glyco- and Phospholipids of Biomembranes in Higher Plants.- A. Introduction.- B. Lipid Composition of Plant Biomembranes.- I. Plasmalemma.- II. Mitochondria.- III. Chloroplasts.- IV. Glyoxysomes and Peroxisomes.- V. Microsomes.- VI. Nuclei.- VII. Comparisons Between Different Membranes.- C. Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids.- D. Lipid Exchanges Between Cell Organelles.- E. Role of the Lipid Environment in the Activities of Membrane-Bound Enzymes.- F. Conclusions.- References.- Section 2 Physiology and Biochemistry of Fatty Acids and Glycerides.- 4 Lipid Biosynthesis in Developing Seeds.- A. Introduction.- B. General Considerations.- C. The Role of the Leaf Compartment.- D. The Developing Soybean Seed.- I. General Considerations.- II. Comparison of Capacities of Developing Tissues to Incorporate.- 14C-Acetate into Long-Chain Fatty Acids.- III. Localization of Enzymes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis.- E. Conclusions.- References.- 5 The Cyclopentenyl Fatty Acids.- A. Introduction.- B. Chemistry of Cyclopentenyl Fatty Acids.- I. Isolation, Characterization, Synthesis.- II. Fatty Acids in Flacourtiaceae.- 1. Methods of Analysis.- 2. Preparative Methods.- 3. Compositional and Structural Studies.- 4. New Cyclopentenyl Fatty Acids.- C. Biochemistry of Cyclopentenyl Fatty Acids.- I. Biosynthesis.- 1. Aleprolic Acid as Precursor.- 2. Cyclopentenylglycine as Precursor.- II. Metabolism.- D. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Enzymatic Reactions in Galactolipid Biosynthesis.- A. Introduction.- B. Acyl-CoA and Acyl-ACP Thioesters.- C. sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate.- D. UDP-Galactose.- E. Acylation of Glycerol Phosphate.- F. Diglycerides.- G. Galactosyltransferases.- H. Fatty Acid Specificities in Galactolipids.- I. Radioactive Labeling of Galactolipids in vivo.- References.- 7 Light, Function and Lipids During Plastid Development.- A. Introduction.- B. Light and Plastid Structure During Greening.- I. General Remarks.- II. The Prolamellar Body.- III. Thylakoid Formation.- IV. Light Regulation.- C. Light and Lipids.- I. General Remarks.- II. Lipids in Plastids and Plastid Fractions.- III. Formation of Glycerolipids During Development.- IV. Formation of Fatty Acid.- V. Light Regulation of Glycerolipid Metabolism.- D. Light and Function.- I. General Remarks.- IL Chlorophylls.- III. Photosynthetic Activity.- IV. Light Regulation.- E. Final Remarks.- References.- Section 3 Physiology and Biochemistry of Plant Steroids.- 8 The Biosynthesis of Plant Sterols.- A. Introduction.- B. Structure and Distribution.- C. Squalene Formation and Cyclisation.- D. Sterol Side-Chain Formation.- E. Ring Structure Modification in Phytosterol Formation.- F. Conclusions.- References.- 9 Steryl Glycosides and Acylated Steryl Glycosides.- A. Introduction.- B. Structure and Distribution.- C. Biosynthesis.- I. Glycosylation.- II. Acylation.- III. Intracellular Localization.- D. Metabolism.- E. Possible Functions.- F. Conclusions.- References.- Section 4 Physiology and Biochemistry of Prenyllipids.- 10. The Biosynthesis and Biological Significance of Prenols and Their Phosphorylated Derivatives.- A. Biosynthesis.- I. General.- II. a. Formation of Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate from Acetyl-CoA.- II. b. Subcellular Distribution of the Pathway from Acetyl-CoA to Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate.- III. a. Monoterpenes-Formation.- III. b. Different Pools of Soluble Precursors.- IV. Sesquiterpenes-Formation.- V. Diterpenes - Formation.- VI. Polyterpenes - Formation.- VII. Stereochemistry of the Substituted Double Bond in Polyprenols.- 1. General.- 2. Stereochemistry of the ?-Isoprene Residue of Mono- and Sesquiterpenes.- VIII. Phosphorylation of Prenols.- IX. Control of the Rate of Biosynthesis.- 1. General.- 2. Compartmentation of Early Steps.- 3. Key Enzymes?.- 4. Hormonal.- 5. Light Effects.- 6. Compartmentation of Polyisoprenoid Biosynthesis.- B. Function of Isoprenoid Alcohols and Their Phosphates.- I. A Precursor Role.- II. A Role in Glycosylation.- References.- 11 Carotenoids in Higher Plants.- A. Nomenclature.- B. Distribution.- I. Photosynthetic Tissues.- II. Fruits.- III. Flowers.- IV. Other Tissues.- C. Formation.- I. Early Steps.- II. Formation of 15-Cis-Phytoene.- III. Carotene Desaturation.- IV. Carotene Cyclization.- V. Xanthophyll Formation.- VI. Factors Affecting Carotenoid Formation.- D. Function.- E. Appendix.- Trivial and Semi-systematic Names and Structures of Some Higher Plant.- Carotenoids.- References.- 12 The Xanthophyll Cycle in Higher Plants.- A. Introduction.- B. General Characteristics of the Xanthophyll Cycle.- C. The De-epoxidation Pathway.- I. The Cosubstrates of De-epoxidation.- II. The De-epoxidase.- D. The Epoxidation Pathway.- I. The Cosubstrates of Epoxidation.- II. The Epoxidase.- E. A Transmembrane Model of the Xanthophyll Cycle.- F. The Control of the Xanthophyll Cycle by Light.- G. Hypothesis on the Function of the Xanthophyll Cycle.- References.- 13 Regulation of Prenylquinone Synthesis in Higher Plants.- A. Introduction.- B. Function of Prenylquinones -.- C. Biosynthesis of Prenylquinones.- D. Site of Synthesis of Prenylquinones and Chromanols in the Plant Cell.- E. Regulation of Light-induced Prenylquinone Synthesis by Phytochrome Pfr.- F. Regulation of Lipoquinone Synthesis by Blue and Red Light.- G. Influence of Phytohormones on Lipoquinone Metabolism and Photosynthetic Activity.- H. Formation of Excess Prenylquinones.- I. Stimulation of Prenylquinone Synthesis by Supplying Additional Aromatic Compounds.- J. Turnover of Prenylquinones.- K. Regulation of Prenylquinone Synthesis by Herbicides.- L. Formation of Prenylquinones in Plant Tissue Cultures.- M. Conclusions.- References.- 14 Chlorophyll Formation: The Phytylation Step.- A. Introduction.- B. Biosynthetic Pathways for the Different Protochlorophyll Forms to Chlorophyll a.- C. The Occurrence of the Two Forms of Protochlorophyll Pigments in Dark-grown Plants and Their Photoreduction.- D. The Esterification of Chlorophyllide a.- E. Light-induced Changes in the Rate of the Esterification Reaction.- F. Biosynthesis of Esterifying Prenols.- G. The Pools of Free Phytol and Phytol Bound as Acyl Esters During Greening.- References.- Section 5 Lipid Polymers in Higher Plants.- 15 Biosynthesis and Degradation of Lipid Polymers.- A. Introduction.- B. Biosynthesis of Cutin.- I. Biosynthesis of the C16 Family of Cutin Acids.- 1. In vivo Studies.- 2. Enzymatic Synthesis of the C16 Family of Cutin Acids.- a) ?-Hydroxylation.- b) In-Chain Hydroxylation.- II. Biosynthesis of the C18 Family of Cutin Acids.- 1. In vivo Experiments.- 2. Enzymatic Synthesis of the C18 Family of Cutin Acids.- a) Epoxidation.- b) Epoxide Hydration.- III. Synthesis of Cutin from Monomers.- C. Biosynthesis of Suberin.- I. Experiments with Tissue Slices.- II. Experiments with Cell-Free Preparations.- D. Degradation of Lipid Polymers.- I. Degradation by Plants.- II.

Class number

Book number

Electronic name

[Book]

Y