1 Introduction to Plasmodesmata --; 1.1. Introduction to Plasmodesmata --; 1.2. Analogues of Plasmodesmata --; 1.3. Conclusion --; 1.4. Open Discussion --; 2 Plasmodesmata in Higher Plants --; 2.1. Introduction --; 2.2. What are Plasmodesmata? --; 2.3. Distribution and Frequency --; 2.4. Structure --; 2.5. Some Concepts of Plasmodesmatal Function --; 2.6. Open Discussion --; 3 Plasmodesmata in Algae and Fungi --; 3.1. Introduction --; 3.2. Cyanophyta --; 3.3. Rhodophyta --; 3.4. Phaeophyta --; 3.5. Chlorophyta --; 3.6. Fungi --; 3.7. Conclusions --; 3.8. Open Discussion --; 4 The Origin and Development of Plasmodesmata --; 4.1. Introduction --; 4.2. Primary Formation of Plasmodesmata --; 4.3. Secondary Formation of Plasmodesmata --; 4.4. Distribution of Plasmodesmata --; 4.5. Control of Frequency and Distribution of Plasmodesmata --; 4.6. Structural Modifications of Plasmodesmata --; 4.7. Mechanisms of Structural Modification --; 4.8. Conclusions --; 4.9. Open Discussion --; 5 Physico-Chemical Assessment of Plasmodesmatal Transport --; 5.1. Introduction --; 5.2. Irreversible Thermodynamic Formulation --; 5.3. Treatment by Tyree --; 5.4. Reassessment of Solute Permeability --; 5.5. Plasmodesmatal Electrical Resistances --; 5.6. Summary --; 5.7. Appendix --; 5.8. Open Discussion --; 6 Physiological and Electrophysiological Evidence for Intercellular Communication in Plant Symplasts --; 6.1. Introduction --; 6.2. Intercellular Movement of Compounds in a Tissue Compartment Isolated from External Solutions --; 6.3. Intercellular Propagation of Action Potentials --; 6.4. Direct Evidence for the Electrical Coupling of Plant Cells --; 6.5. Intercellular Movement of Injected Chemicals --; 6.6. Discussion --; 6.7. Open Discussion --; 7 Cytochemical Evidence for Ion Transport Through Plasmodesmata --; 7.1. Introduction --; 7.2. Materials and Methods --; 7.3. Results --; 7.4. Discussion --; 7.5. Summary --; 7.6. Open Discussion --; 8 Viruses and Plasmodesmata --; 8.1. Movement of Viruses in Plants --; 8.2. Sizes of Virus Particles and Genomes --; 8.3. Plasmodesmata in Virus-Infected Plants --; 8.4. Ectodesmata, Plasmodesmata and Virus Infection --; 8.5. Virus Nomenclature --; 8.6. Open Discussion --; 9 Transport of Solutes Through the Plasmodesmata of Chara Nodes --; 9.1. Introduction --; 9.2. Symbols Used --; 9.3. Theoretical --; 9.4. The Real Chara Node --; 9.5. Experimental Evidence --; 9.6. Discussion and Conclusions --; 9.7. Open Discussion --; 10 The Role of Plasmodesmata in the Transport of Water and Nutrients Across Roots --; 10.1. Introduction --; 10.2. The Plasmodesmata of Roots --; 10.3. The Symplastic Compartment --; 10.4. The Root Endodermis --; 10.5. The Movement of Water and Ions Across the Root --; 10.6. Movement of Water and Ions Into the Xylem --; 10.7. Conclusions --; 10.8. Open Discussion --; 11 The Role of Plasmodesmata in Short Distance Transport to and from the Phloem --; 11.1. Introduction --; 11.2. Symplastic Pathways Between Donor Tissues and Sieve Elements --; 11.3. Unloading the Phloem --; 11.4. Open Discussion --; 12 Symplastic Transport of Metabolites During C4-Photosynthesis --; 12.1. Introduction --; 12.2. Compartmentation in C4 Photosynthesis --; 12.3. Structural Aspects --; 12.4. The Symplast Flux During C4 Photosynthesis --; 12.5. The 'CO2 Concentrating Mechanism': Functional Aspects of Symplastic Transport in C4 Photosynthesis --; 12.6. Assessment --; 12.7. Open Discussion --; 13 Plasmodesmata in Growth and Development --; 13.1. Hypotheses and Assumptions --; 13.2. Cell Communication in Animals --; 13.3. Exchanges of Specific Information Between Plant Cells --; 13.4. Developmental Consequences of Isolation of Cells from Tissues --; 13.5. Plasmodesmata in Cell Wall Growth --; 13.6. Dormancy --; 13.7. Plasmodesmata in Ageing and Longevity --; 13.8. Abscission --; 13.9. Parasites --; 13.10. Plasmodesmata and the Regulation of Growth and Development --; 13.11. Open Discussion --; 14 Historical Perspectives on Plasmodesmata --; 14.1. Discovery and Exploration --; 14.2. Eclipse --; The Tyranny of Free Space --; 14.3. Rediscovery and Revival of Interest --; 15 Plasmodesmata: Current Knowledge and Outstanding Problems --; Author Index.
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
This Volume attempts to summarise and integrate a field of study in its entirety: the nature of plasmodesmata, and the part these inter cellular connections play in the life of the plant. Except in the all embracing early reviews of the pre-electron microscope era, there has been a tendency for the subject to be approached from disparate points of view: plant physiologists, developmental biologists, biophysicists, virologists and cytologists all contributing to the corpus of knowledge, but often without a full appreciation of each others' goals and probl ems, and sometimes misinterpreting e.