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BASIC CONCEPTSBackground DiscussionPreliminary RemarksEuler and Lagrange FormulationsStress TensorRelation between Stress and Deformation-Rate TensorsConstitutive RelationsProblemsReferences Conservation EquationsPreliminary RemarksMass EquationTransport TheoremLinear Momentum EquationInertial FrameAngular Momentum EquationEnergy EquationViscous DissipationAlternate Forms for the Energy EquationProblemsReference Classical ThermodynamicsPreliminary RemarksCombined First and Second LawsPotential FunctionsOpen SystemCoupling to Fluid DynamicsCompressible Liquid or SolidSecond LawRarefaction Shock WaveProblemsReferences KinematicsPreliminary RemarksDefinitionsKelvin's Equation and VorticityHelmholtz Vortex TheoremsProblemsReferenceADVANCED GAS DYNAMICSEuler EquationsPreliminary RemarksEquations: Initial and Boundary ConditionsBernoulli's EquationsVorticitySteady FlowIntrinsic CoordinatesProblemsReferences Shock-Wave DynamicsPreliminary RemarksJump ConditionsSteady, Two-Dimensional or Axisymmetric FlowDerivatives for a Two-Dimensional or Axisymmetric Shock with a Uniform FreestreamDerivative ApplicationsProblemsReferences Vorticity and Its Substantial DerivativePreliminary RemarksVorticitySubstantial Derivative of the VorticityGeneric Shock ShapeSlope, Curvature, Arc Length, and Sonic PointResultsProblemsReferencesShock-Wave Triple-Point MorphologyPreliminary RemarksAnalysisSolution MethodNormal Mach Stem or Reflected ShocksResults and DiscussionProblemsReferences Derivatives When the Upstream Flow Is NonuniformPreliminary RemarksJump ConditionsTangential DerivativesNormal DerivativesIntrinsic Coordinate DerivativesVorticitySource Flow ModelProblemsReference General Derivative FormulationPreliminary RemarksVector RelationsElliptic Paraboloid ShockShock CurvaturesVorticity IJump Conditions and Tangential DerivativesNormal DerivativesApplicationsUnsteady, Normal Derivative FormulationSMR and Ray ScalingUnsteady Intrinsic Coordinate DerivativesVorticity IIProblemsReferences Extended Navier-Stokes Equations, Ultrasonic Absorption, and Shock StructurePreliminary RemarksNewtonian and Stokesian FluidsViscous DissipationLaminar FlowUnsteady One-Dimensional FlowShock-Wave StructureProblemsReferences Hodograph Transformation and Limit LinesPreliminary RemarksTwo-Dimensional, Irrotational FlowRingleb's SolutionLimit LinesGeneral SolutionRotational FlowProblemsReferences Substitution PrinciplePreliminary RemarksTransformation EquationsParallel FlowPrandtl-Meyer FlowRotational Solutions in the Hodograph PlaneProblemsReferences Calorically Imperfect FlowsPreliminary RemarksThermodynamicsIsentropic Streamtube FlowPlanar Shock FlowPrandtl-Meyer FlowTaylor-Maccoll FlowProblemsReferences SweepPreliminary RemarksOblique Shock FlowPrandtl-Meyer FlowProblemsReferences Interaction of an Expansion Wave with a Shock Wave and a Shock-Wave CurvaturePreliminary RemarksFlow TopologySolution for Regions I, II, and IIICurvature SingularityNumerical ProcedureShock Wave with Longitudinal Curvature Sign ChangeProblemsReferences Unsteady, One-Dimensional FlowPreliminary RemarksIncident Normal Shock WavesReflected Normal Shock WavesCharacteristic TheoryRarefaction WavesCompression WavesInternal BallisticsNonsimple Wave RegionProblemsReferences Supersonic DiffusersPreliminary RemarksGeneral DiscussionPrandtl-Meyer DiffuserLens-Analogy DiffuserResults and DiscussionProblemsReferencesVISCOUS/INVISCID FLUID DYNAMICSCoordinate Systems and Related TopicsPreliminary RemarksOrthogonal CoordinatesSimilarity ParametersBulk ViscosityViscous Flow in a Heated DuctProblemsReferences Force and Moment AnalysisPreliminary RemarksMomentum TheoremSurface IntegralAngular MomentumHydrostaticsFlow in a DuctAcyclic MotionJet-Plate InteractionSyringe with a Hypodermic NeedleShock-Expansion TheoryForces on a ParticleEntropy GenerationForces and Moments on a Supersonic VehicleLift and Thrust of an Asymmetric NozzleProblemsReferencesEXACT SOLUTIONS FOR A VISCOUS FLOWRayleigh FlowPreliminary RemarksSolutionProblemsReferences Couette FlowPreliminary RemarksSolutionAdiabatic WallProblemsReference Stagnation Point FlowPreliminary RemarksFormulationVelocity SolutionTemperature SolutionProblemsReferenceLAMINAR BOUNDARY-LAYER THEORY FOR STEADY TWO-DIMENSIONAL OR AXISYMMETRIC FLOWIncompressible Flow over a Flat PlatePreliminary RemarksDerivation of the Boundary-Layer EquationsSimilarity SolutionProblemsReferences Large Reynolds Number FlowPreliminary RemarksMatched Asymptotic ExpansionsProblemsReferencesIncompressible Boundary-Layer TheoryPreliminary RemarksPrimitive Variable FormulationSolution of the Boundary-Layer EquationsProblemsReferences Compressible Boundary-Layer TheoryPreliminary RemarksBoundary-Layer EquationsSolution of the Similarity EquationsSolution of the Energy EquationThe ss and gw ParametersLocal SimilarityBoundary-Layer ParametersComprehensive TablesAdiabatic WallCritique of the Prandtl Number and Chapman-Rubesin Parameter AssumptionsNonsimilar Boundary Layers: I Nonsimilar Boundary Layers: IIProblemsReferences Supersonic Boundary-Layer ExamplesPreliminary RemarksThin Airfoil TheoryCompressive RampZero Displacement Thickness Wall ShapePerformance of a Scramjet Propulsion NozzleProblemsReferences Second-Order Boundary-Layer TheoryPreliminary RemarksInner EquationsOuter EquationsBoundary and Matching ConditionsDecomposition of the Second-Order Boundary-Layer EquationsExample: First-Order SolutionExample: Second-Order Outer SolutionExample: Second-Order Inner EquationsAppendix RProblemsReferencesAppendices