عنوان

Endosonography in obstetrics and gynecology.

(Number (ISBN

3642741118

(Number (ISBN

9783642741111

Number

b552241

Title Proper

Endosonography in obstetrics and gynecology.

General Material Designation

[Book]

First Statement of Responsibility

Gerhard Bernaschek

Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.

[Place of publication not identified]

Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.

Springer

Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.

2012

Text of Note

History of Endosonography.- References.- Safety Aspects of Endosonography.- 1 Biologic Effects of Ultrasound.- 1.1 Thermal Effects.- 1.2 Cavitation.- 1.3 Chromosome Damage.- 1.4 Sister Chromatid Exchange Rate.- 1.5 Epidemiologic Studies.- 1.6 Carcinogenesis.- 1.7 Statistical Considerations.- 1.8 Summary.- 2 Sterilization of Vaginal Probes.- References.- Advantages and Disadvantages of Endosonography.- 1 Advantages.- 2 Disadvantages.- Scanner Types.- 1 Linear-Array Scanners.- 2 Curved-Array Scanners.- 3 Sector Scanners.- Scan Planes.- 1 Definition of Scan Directions.- 2 Definition of Scan Planes.- Orientation of Scan Planes.- Reference.- Endosonographic Procedures.- 1 Vaginosonography.- 2 Hysterosonography.- 3 Rectosonography.- 4 Cystosonography.- References.- Normal Early Pregnancy.- 1 Chorionic Cavity.- 1.1 General.- 1.2 Vaginosonography.- 1.3 Recognition of Pseudogestational Sac.- 1.4 Correlation Between Chorionic Cavity and ss-hCG.- 1.4.1 Earliest Detection with Vaginosonography.- 1.4.2 Discriminatory Limit.- 2 Yolk Sac.- 2.1 General.- 2.2 Vaginosonography.- 3 Embryo.- 3.1 General.- 3.2 Vaginosonography.- 4 Cardiac Activity.- 4.1 General.- 4.2 Vaginosonography.- 5 Amniotic Cavity.- 5.1 General.- 5.2 Vaginosonography.- 6 Other Biometrie Data in the First Trimester.- 6.1 Biparietal Diameter.- 6.2 Trunk Diameter.- 6.3 Umbilical Cord and Placenta.- 7 Multiple Pregnancy.- 8 Summary.- References.- Disorders of Early Pregnancy.- 1 General.- 2 Threatened Abortion.- 3 Blighted Ovum.- 4 Missed Abortion.- 5 Incomplete Abortion.- 6 Hydatidiform Mole.- 7 Ectopic Pregnancy.- 7.1 General.- 7.2 Exclusion of Intrauterine Pregnancy.- 7.2.1 Recognition of a Pseudogestational Sac.- 7.2.2 Discriminatory Limit.- 7.3 Demonstration of an Intact Ectopic Pregnancy in the Adnexal Region.- 7.4 Nonspecific Masses in the Adnexal Region.- 7.5 Free Fluid in the Abdomen.- 7.6 Uncommon Sites of Ectopic Pregnancy.- 7.7 Summary.- References.- Vaginosonographic Examination of the Fetus.- 1 General.- 2 Indications.- 2.1 Examination of the Fetus in the First Half of Pregnancy.- 2.1.1 Biometry.- 2.1.2 Visualization of Fetal Organs.- 2.1.3 Screening for Anomalies.- 2.1.4 Anhydramnios.- 2.1.5 Sex Determination.- 2.1.6 2.2 Examination of the Fetus in the Second Half of Pregnancy.- 2.2.1 Examination of the Presenting Part.- 2.2.2 Vaginal Pulsed Doppler Examination of Fetal Arteries.- References.- Evaluation of the Cervix.- 1 General.- 2 Vaginosonography.- References.- Placenta Previa.- 1 General.- 2 Vaginosonography.- 3 Summary.- References.- Vaginosonographic Pelvimetry.- 1 General.- 2 Technique and Preliminary Results.- 3 Summary.- References.- Endosonography of the Uterus.- 1 Normal Anatomy.- 1.1 Size.- 1.2 Version and Flexion.- 2 Congenital Anomalies.- 3 Diagnosis of Myomas.- References.- Endosonography of the Ovaries.- 1 The Normal Ovary.- 2 Ovarian Cysts.- 2.1 Corpus Luteum Cysts.- 2.2 Dermoid Cysts.- 2.3 Endometriotic Cysts.- 2.4 Multiloculated Cysts.- 2.5 Ovarian Carcinoma.- 3 Inflammatory Adnexal Changes.- References.- Postoperative Endosonography.- References.- Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices.- 1 General.- 2 Vaginosonography.- References.- Endosonographic Diagnosis of Carcinoma.- 1 Cervical Carcinoma.- 1.1 General.- 1.2 Staging.- 1.2.1 Rectosonography Vs Vaginosonography.- 1.2.2 Intracervical Extent of Disease.- 1.2.3 Vaginal Infiltration.- 1.2.4 Parametrial Infiltration.- 1.2.5 Infiltration of the Bladder Wall and Rectum.- 1.2.6 Comparison of CT, MRI, and Endosonography.- 1.3 Follow-up of Inoperable Cervical Carcinoma.- 2 Corpus Carcinoma.- 2.1 General.- 2.2 Early Detection.- 2.3 Staging.- 2.3.1 Hysterosonography.- 2.3.1.1 Carcinoma Confined to the Endometrium.- 2.3.1.2 Myometrial Invasion.- 2.3.1.3 Extension to the Cervix.- 2.3.2 Vaginosonography.- 2.4 Summary.- 3 Ovarian Carcinoma.- 3.1 General.- 3.2 Early Detection.- 4 Vaginal Carcinoma.- 5 Diagnosis of Recurrent Carcinoma.- 5.1 General.- 5.2 Detection of Recurrence.- References.- Diagnostic Evaluation of Urinary Incontinence.- 1 General.- 2 Vaginosonography and Rectosonography.- 3 Perineal and Introital Sonography.- References.- Infertility.- 1 General.- 2 Evaluation of the Menstrual Cycle.- 2.1 General.- 2.2 Visualization and Measurement of the Follicles.- 2.3 Corpus Luteum.- 2.4 Cyclic Endometrial Changes.- 2.5 Correlation of Folliculometry with Hormonal Parameters.- 2.6 Doppler Measurements of Blood Vessels in the Lesser Pelvis.- 3 Endocrine Disorders.- 3.1 Corpus Luteum Insufficiency.- 3.2 LUF Syndrome.- 3.3 PCO Syndrome.- 4 In Vitro Fertilization.- 4.1 General.- 4.2 Stimulation Therapy.- 4.3 Determining the Time of Ovulation.- 4.4 Inadequate Stimulation Therapy.- 4.4.1 Hyperstimulation.- 4.4.2 Insufficient Stimulation.- 4.5 Follicular Aspiration.- 4.5.1 Laparotomy and Laparoscopy.- 4.5.2 Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration Methods.- 4.5.3 Vaginal Follicular Aspiration Guided by Vaginosonography.- 4.6 Embryo Transfer.- 5 Summary.- References.- Endosonographically Guided Punctures.- 1 General.- 2 Technical Aspects.- 2.1 Scanner Types.- 2.2 Freehand Needle Technique.- 2.3 Needle Guides.- 2.4 Preparation of the Patient.- 3 Indications.- 3.1 Follicular Aspiration.- 3.1.1 General.- 3.1.2 Vaginal Follicular Aspiration Guided by Vaginosonography.- 3.2 Aspiration of Cysts.- 3.2.1 Cyst Wall Biopsy.- 3.2.2 Sclerotherapy.- 3.2.3 Abscess Drainage.- 3.3 Puncture of Tubal Pregnancy.- 3.4 Selective Embryocide.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Ultrasound-Guided Embryocide.- 3.5 Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy.- 3.6 Chorionic Biopsy.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Chorionic Biopsy Using a Vaginal Scanner.- 3.7 Vaginal Decompression of Hydrocephalus.- References.- Vaginal Doppler Techniques.- 1 Basic Principles of Doppler Ultrasound.- 2 Vaginal Probes.- 2.1 Continuous Wave Doppler.- 2.2 Pulsed Doppler.- 2.3 Doppler Waveforms.- 3 Vaginal Pulsed Doppler Techniques.- 3.1 Examination Procedure.- 3.2 Advantages of Vaginal Doppler.- 4 Clinical Applications.- 4.1 The Uterine Artery.- 4.1.1 Normal Pregnancy.- 4.1.2 Complicated Pregnancy.- 4.2 Fetal Vessels.- 4.2.1 Early Pregnancy.- 4.2.2 The Fetal Internal Carotid Artery.- 4.3 Uterine Artery Flow in Cervical Carcinoma.- 4.4 Infertility.- 4.4.1 Failure of Implantation After Embryo Transfer.- 4.4.2 The Ovarian and Iliac Arteries in Stimulated Cycles.- 5 Clinical Significance of Vaginal Pulsed Doppler Blood Flow Studies.- References.- Subject Index 183.

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Gerhard Bernaschek

Gerhard Bernaschek

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[Book]

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