I. Recent Developments on Alternatives --;1 Tissue Engineering: An Important Technology for Assessment of Toxicity --;2 Tissue Engineering: Technology Applications and FDA Initiatives --;3 Electrical Resistance Method for Measuring Volume Changes in Astrocytes --;4 Cytotoxicity Profiles for a Series of Investigational Compounds Using Liver Slice Technology and Human-Derived Cell Cultures --;5 Antagonistic Interaction of Sodium Arsenite and Lead Sulfate with UV Light on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes --;6 The Role of Upper Airway Heat and Water Vapor Exchange in Hygroscopic Aerosol Deposition in the Human Airway: A Deposition Model --;7 Moving Average Interpolation for Malathion LC50 Estimation on Dugesia tigrina: Comparison with Probit and "One-Point" Methods --;8 Physiological Modeling of Benzo(a)pyrene Pharmacokinetics in the Rat --;II. Current Trends and Future Directions --;9 Resources for Biomedical Research: Opportunities for Alternatives --;III. Mechanistically Based Test Methods as Alternatives --;10 Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife: Scientific Processes and Principles for Evaluating Effects --;11 Mechanistic Animal-Replacement Approaches for Predicting Pharmacokinetics of Organic Chemicals --;IV. Use of Alternatives in Hazard Assessment Initiatives --;12 Validation of the CytosensorTM Microphysiometer for In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing --;13 Sulfur Mustard Effects on Cell Yield Alter Viability Assessment in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes --;14 Development of Human Keratinocyte Colonies for Confocal Microscopy and for Study of Calcium Effects on Growth Differentiation and Sulfur Mustard Lesions: A Model --;15 Phosgene-Induced Calcium Changes in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells --;16 Enhanced Proteolytic Activity and Fc Receptor Expression in Human Epithelial Cells Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard --;17 Altered Expression of lntracellular and Surface Antigens by Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed to Sulfur Mustard --;18 Effect of Sulfur Mustard Exposure on Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Viability and Protein Content --;19 The Use of In Vitro Systems to Define Therapeutic Approaches to Cutaneous Injury by Sulfur Mustard --;20 Effects of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors on the Sulfur Mustard-Induced Disruption of the Higher-Order Nuclear Structure of Human Lymphocytes --;21 DNA Repair Enzymatic Response in Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure --;22 Human Hepatocytes: A Novel Animal Alternative --;V. Validation, Regulatory Acceptance, and Animal Protection Perspectives --;23 An Animal Protection Perspective --;24 Federal Interagency Activities Toward Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternative Tests.
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
This text provides information from scientific and regulatory communities on achieved and accepted alternatives to animal testing, such as the use of transgenic models, the use of tissue cultures for the assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and the application of molecular modeling.