Part I. Introduction Refractory Hypertension George A. Mansoor Iatrogenic and Drug-Induced Hypertension Ehud Grossman and Franz H. Messerli Part II. Renal Disease and Secondary Hypertension Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease Robert D. Toto Diagnostic Evaluation for Patients With Renovascular Hypertension Sumeska Thavarajah and William B. White Interventional Treatments for Renal Artery Stenosis George A. Mansoor Medical Management of Renovascular Hypertension Vincent J. Canzanello Primary Reninism or Renin-Secreting Tumors Timothy L. Reudelhuber Part III. Adrenal Cortex and Hypertension Primary Aldosteronism: Diagnosis William F. Young, Jr. Medical Management of Primary Aldosteronism Emmanuel L. Bravo Primary Aldosteronism: Surgical Approaches Mihir M. Desai and Inderbir S. Gill Nonprimary Aldosteronism: Mineralocorticoid Disorders William T. Kendrick, Jean-Michel Achard, and David G. Warnock Hypertension in Cushing's Syndrome Judith A. Whitworth, George J. Mangos, and John J. Kelly Part IV. Adrenal Medulla and Hypertension Biochemical Diagnosis and Localization of Pheochromocytoma Emmanuel L. Bravo Pheochromocytoma Treatment Carl D. Malchoff, Dougald MacGillivray, and Steven Shichman New Insights into Pseudopheochromocytoma and Emotionally Provoked Hypertension Otto Kuchel Part V. Children and Secondary Hypertension Secondary Hypertension in Children and Adolescents Empar Lurbe and Josep Redon Part VI. Sleep Apnea and Hypertension Sleep Apnea and Hypertension Thomas G. Pickering and Mona Yacoub Index