I Principles of Sensor Design and Operation --;I.1 Factors Influencing the Stability of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors --;I.2 Calibration and Accuracy of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors --;I.3 A Thermodynamic Consideration of Permeability Coefficients of Membranes --;I.4 Microcoaxial Needle Sensor for Polarographic Measurement of Local O2 Pressure in the Cellular Range of Living Tissue. Its Construction and Properties --;I.5 Electrolytes --;I.6 The Action of Hydrogen Sulfide on Polarographic Oxygen Sensors --;I.7 A Double-Membrane Sterilizable Oxygen Sensor --;I.8 Construction of a Polarographic Oxygen Sensor in the Laboratory --;I.9 A Polarographic Oxygen Sensor Designed for Sewage Work and Field Application --;I.10 Electronic Circuits for Polarographic Oxygen Sensors --;I.11 The Application of a Microprocessor to Dissolved Oxygen Measurement Instrumentation --;II Laboratory Applications of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors --;II. 1 An Automated Multiple-Chamber Intermittent-Flow Respirometer --;II. 2 The Application of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors for Continuous Assessment of Gas Exchange in Aquatic Animals --;II. 3 The Twin-Flow Microrespirometer and Simultaneous Calorimetry --;II. 4 Simultaneous Direct and Indirect Calorimetry --;II. 5 An Automated, Intermittent Flow Respirometer for Monitoring Oxygen Consumption and Long-Term Activity of Pelagic Crustaceans --;II. 6 Sealed Respirometers for Small Invertebrates --;II. 7 A Method for the Simultaneous Long-Term Recording of Oxygen Evolution and Chloroplast Migration in an Individual Cell of Acetabularia --;II. 8 A Respirometer for Monitoring Homogenate and Mitochondrial Respiration --;II. 9 Bacterial Growth and Antibiotics in Animal Respirometry --;II. 10 pO2 and Oxygen Content Measurement in Blood Samples Using Polarographic Oxygen Sensors --;II. 11 Determination of the In Vivo Oxygen Flux into the Eye --;III Field Applications of Polarographic Oxygen Sensors --;III.l In Situ Measurement of Oxygen Profiles in Lakes: Microstratifications, Oscillations, and the Limits of Comparison with Chemical Methods --;III. 2 In Situ Measurement of Oxygen Profiles of Sediments by Use of Oxygen Microelectrodes --;III. 3 Methods for Measuring Benthic Community Respiration Rates --;III. 4 In Situ Measurement of Community Metabolism in Littoral Marine Systems --;III. 5 Deap-Sea Respirometry: In Situ Techniques --;Appendix A Calculation of Equilibrium Oxygen Concentration H. Forstner and E. Gnaiger --;Appendix B Calculation of pO2 in Water Equilibrated with a Mixture of Room Air and Nitrogen --;Appendix C Calculation of Energetic and Biochemical Equivalents of Respiratory Oxygen Consumption E. Gnaiger (With 1 Figure) --;Appendix D The Winkler Determination H.L. Golterman (With 1 Figure) --;Appendix E Symbols and Units: Toward Standardization E. Gnaiger.