1 General Considerations --;1 Toxicology testing: regulatory authority requirements --;2 Toxicology testing: views of animal welfare organizations --;3 Risks in medical intervention: balancing therapeutic risks and benefits --;4 The use of human biological measurements for safety evaluation in the chemical industry --;5 Economic aspects of toxicity for the pharmaceutical industry --;6 Cooperation among states and setting up an international legal framework --;2 The Needs (Non-pharmaceutical) --;7 Foods and food additives --;8 Industrial chemicals --;9 Evaluating the hazards of pesticides --;10 Overall needs: cosmetics, toiletries and household products --;11 Substances of abuse --;3 Preclinical: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Approaches --;12 Cellular and in vitro techniques --;13 Immunological aspects --;14 Genetic toxicology testing --;15 The role of dynamic mathematical models.
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
The earliest writings speak of such toxicity and, from the times of ancient Egypt and in the Old Tes- tament, controls have existed[l]. The Royal College of Physicians, for example, was originally established to control the activities of physicians within London.