Includes bibliographical references (pages 305-344) and indexes
CONTENTS NOTE
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What kind of robot is a person? ; Whose goals are served by our behavior? ; All vehicles overboard! ; Your genes care more about you than you should care about them! ; Escaping the clutches of the genes ; The pivotal insight: putting people first -- A brain at war with itself. Two minds in one brain ; The autonomous set of systems (TASS): the parts of your brain that ignore you ; Characterizing the analytic system: avoiding the homunculus problem ; One step at a time: figuring out the way the world is with language ; Hypothetical thinking and representational complexity ; Processing without awareness: there are Martians in your brain! ; When the different kinds of minds conflict: the override function of the analytic system ; The brain on a long leash and the brain on a short leash ; Try it yourself -- Can you override TASS in the famous Four-card selection task and the famous Linda task? ; Don't be sphexish ; Putting the vehicle first by getting the analytic system in the driver's seat -- The robot's secret weapon. Choosing humans over genes: how instrumental rationality and evolutionary adaptation separate ; What it means to be rational: putting the person (the vehicle) first ; Fleshing out instrumental rationality ; Evaluating rationality: Are we getting what we want?
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From the clutches of the genes into the clutches of the memes. Attack of the memes: the second replicator ; Rationality, science, and meme evaluation ; Reflectively acquired memes: the Neurathian Project of meme evaluation ; Personal autonomy and reflectively acquired memes ; Which memes are good for us? ; Why memes can be especially nasty (Nastier than genes even!) ; The ultimate meme trick: Why your memes want you to hate the idea of memes ; Memetic concepts as tools of self-examination ; Building memeplex self on a level playing field: memetics as an epistemic equalizer ; Evolutionary psychology rejects the notion of free-floating memes ; The co-adapted meme paradox -- A soul without mystery: finding meaning in the age of Darwin. Macromolecules and mystery juice: looking for meaning in all the wrong places ; Is human rationality just an extension of chimpanzee rationality? Context and values in human judgment ; There's more to life than money -- but there's more than happiness too: the experience machine ; Nozick on symbolic utility ; "It's a meaning issue, not a money issue": expressive rationality, ethical preferences, and commitment ; Rising above the humean nexus: evaluating our desires ; Second-order desires and preferences ; Achieving rational integration of desires: forming and reflecting on higher-order preferences ; Why rats, pigeons, and chimps are more rational than humans ; Escaping the rationality of constraint ; Two-tiered rationality evaluation: a legacy of human cognitive architecture ; The spookiness of subpersonal entities ; Desires connected to dollars: another case of spooky subpersonal optimization ; The need for meta-rationality ; The formula for personal autonomy in the face of many subpersonal threats ; Are we up to the task? Finding what to value in our mental lives
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The biases of the autonomous brain: characteristics of the short-leash mind that sometimes cause us grief. The dangers of positive thinking: TASS can't "Think of the opposite" ; Now you choose it -- Now you don't: framing effects undermine the notion of human rationality ; Can evolutionary psychology rescue the ideal of human rationality? ; The fundamental computational biases of the autonomous brain ; The evolutionary adaptiveness of the fundamental computational biases ; Evolutionary reinterpretations of responses on heuristics and biases tasks ; The fundamental computational biases and the demands for decontextualization in modern society ; The TASS traps of the modern world -- How evolutionary psychology goes wrong. Modern society as a sodium vapor lamp ; Throwing out the vehicle with the bathwater ; What follows from the fact that Mother Nature isn't nice -- Dysrationalia: Why so many smart people do so many dumb things. Cognitive capacities, thinking dispositions, and levels of analysis ; TASS override and levels of processing ; The great rationality debate: the Panglossian, Apologist, and Meliorist positions contrasted ; Dysrationalia: dissolving the "Smart but acting dumb" paradox ; Would you rather get what you want slowly or get what you don't want much faster? ; Jack and his Jewish problem ; The Panglossian's lament: "If human cognition is so flawed, how come we got to the moon?"