Includes bibliographical references (pages 533-540) and index
CONTENTS NOTE
Text of Note
The Cardiopulmonary System--The Essentials -- The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System -- The Airways -- The Upper Airway -- The Lower Airways -- The Sites of Gas Exchange -- The Pulmonary Vascular System -- The Lymphatic System -- Neural Control of the Lungs -- The Lungs -- The Mediastinum -- The Pleural Membranes -- The Thorax -- The Diaphragm -- Ventilation -- Pressure Differences Across the Lungs -- Role of the Diaphragm in Ventilation -- Positive Pressure Ventilation -- Static Characteristics of the Lungs -- Dynamic Characteristics of the Lungs -- Ventilatory Patterns -- How Normal Intrapleural Pressure Differences Cause Regional Differences in Normal Lung Ventilation -- The Effect of Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance on Ventilatory Patterns -- Overview of Specific Ventilatory Patterns -- The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases -- Gas Laws -- The Partial Pressures of Atmospheric Gases -- The Ideal Alveolar Gas Equation -- The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases -- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Across the Alveolar-Capillary Membrane -- Gas Diffusion -- Perfusion-Limited Gas Flow -- Diffusion-Limited Gas Flow -- How Oxygen Can Be Either Perfusion or Diffusion Limited -- Pulmonary Function Measurements -- Lung Volumes and Capacities -- Pulmonary Mechanics -- How the Effects of Dynamic Compression Decrease Expiratory Flow Rates -- The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System -- The Blood -- The Heart -- The Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Systems -- Pressures in the Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Systems -- The Cardiac Cycle and Its Effect on Blood Pressure -- The Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow -- Oxygen Transport -- Oxygen Transport -- Oxygen Dissociation Curve -- Oxygen Transport Studies -- Tissue Hypoxia -- Cyanosis -- Polycythemia -- Carbon Dioxide Transport and Acid-Base Balance -- Carbon Dioxide Transport -- Carbon Dioxide Elimination at the Lungs -- Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve -- Acid-Base Balance -- The Role of the P[subscript CO subscript 2]/HCO[subscript 3 superscript -1]/pH Relationship in Acid-Base Balance -- Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships -- Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio -- Control of Ventilation -- The Respiratory Components of the Medulla Oblongata -- The Influence of the Pontine Respiratory Centers on the Respiratory Components of the Medulla Oblongata -- Monitoring Systems That Influence the Respiratory Components of the Medulla Oblongata -- Reflexes That Influence Ventilation -- Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System -- Fetal Lung Development -- Placenta -- Fetal Circulation -- Birth -- Control of Ventilation in the Newborn -- Clinical Parameters in the Normal Newborn -- Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System -- The Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System -- Pulmonary Gas Exchange -- Arterial Blood Gases -- The Effects of Aging on the Cardiovascular System -- Advanced Cardiopulmonary Concepts and Related Areas--The Essentials -- Electrophysiology of the Heart -- The Five Phases of the Action Potential -- Properties of the Cardiac Muscle -- The Standard 12-ECG System -- The Standard 12-ECG System -- Normal ECG Configurations and Their Expected Measurements (Lead II) -- ECG Interpretation -- How to Analyze the Waveforms -- Common Cardiac Dysrhythmias -- Hemodynamic Measurements -- Hemodynamic Measurements Directly Obtained by Means of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter -- Hemodynamic Values Computed From Direct Measurements -- Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System -- The Kidneys -- The Nephrons -- Blood Vessels of the Kidneys -- Urine Formation -- Urine Concentration and Volume -- Regulation of Electrolyte Concentration -- Role of the Kidneys in Acid-Base Balance -- Blood Volume -- Renal Failure -- Cardiopulmonary Disorders Caused by Renal Failure -- The Cardiopulmonary System During Unusual Environmental Conditions -- Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System -- Ventilation -- Circulation -- Interrelationships Between Muscle Work, Oxygen Consumption, and Cardiac Output -- The Influence of Training on the Heart and Cardiac Activity -- Stroke Volume Versus Heart Rate in Increasing Cardiac Output -- Body Temperature/Cutaneous Blood Flow Relationship -- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation -- High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System -- High Altitude -- Other Physiologic Changes -- High-Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System -- Diving -- Hyperbaric Medicine -- Symbols and Abbreviations -- Units of Measurement -- Poiseuille's Law -- DuBois Body Surface Chart -- Cardiopulmonary Profile -- P[subscript CO subscript 2]/HCO[subscript 3 superscript -]/pH Nomogram -- Calculating Heart Rate by Counting the Number of Large ECG Squares