Why critical thinking? -- The elements of thought -- A checklist for reasoning -- Questions using the elements of thought -- Three levels of thought -- Universal intellectual standards -- Template for analyzing the logic of articles and textbooks -- Criteria for evaluating reasoning -- Essential intellectual traits -- Three kinds of questions -- A template for problem-solving -- Analyzing and assessing research -- What critical thinkers routinely do -- Stages of critical thinking development -- The problem of egocentric thinking -- The problem of sociocentric thinking -- Envisioning critical societies.