Assessing the problem -- The rise of the nonstate hacker -- The legal status of cyber warfare -- Responding to international cyber attacks as acts of war -- The intelligence component to cyber warfare -- Nonstate hackers and the social web -- Follow the money -- Organized crime in cyberspace -- Investigating attribution -- Weaponizing malware -- The role of cyber in military doctrine -- A cyber early warning model -- Advice for policymakers from the field -- Conducting operations in the cyber-space-time continuum -- The Russian Federation : information warfare framework -- Cyber warfare capabilities by nation-state -- US Department of Defense Cyber Command and organizational structure -- Active defense for cyber : a legal framework for covert countermeasures