Embryonic stem cells: derivation, properties, and therapeutic implications -- Germ line stem cells -- Umbilical cord stem cells -- Differentiation potential of adult stem cells -- Growth conditions for primate vs murine embryonic stem cells -- Islet precursor cells in adult pancreatic islets -- Transcription factor-directed differentiation of stem cells along an endocrine lineage -- Generation of islet-like structures from ES cells -- The therapeutic potential of liver repopulation for metabolic or endocrine disorders -- The manipulation of mesenchymal stem cells for bone repair -- Spermatogenesis from transplanted spermatogenic stem cells -- Hematopoietic stem cell transplant in the treatment of autoimmune endocrine disease -- Preclinical trials for stem cell therapy