Introduction: Kurdish identity and social formation -- Book 1. The Kurds in the age of tribe and empire. Kurdistan before the nineteenth century -- Ottoman Kurdistan, 1800-1850 -- Ottoman Kurdistan, 1850-1914 -- The Qajars and the Kurds -- Revolution, nationalism and war, 1908-1918 -- Book 2. Incorporating the Kurds. Redrawing the map: the partition of the Ottoman Kurdistan -- The Kurds, Britain and Iraq -- Incorporating Turkey's Kurds -- The Kurds under Reza Shah -- Book 3. Ethno-nationalism in Iran. Tribe or ethnicity? The Mahabad Republic -- Iran: creating a national movement -- Subjects of the Shi'i Republic -- Book 4. Ethno-nationalism in Iraq. The birth of a nationalist movement under Hashimite Rule -- The Kurds in revolutionary Iraq -- The Kurds under the Baath, 1968-1975 -- The road to genocide, 1975-1988 -- Uprising and self-rule -- Book 5. Ethno-nationalism in Turkey. The Kurdish national revival in Turkey, 1946-1979 -- The PKK and the mass movement -- The Kurds in exile: building the nation -- Afterword -- Appendix 1. The Treaty of Sèvres -- Appendix 2. The Kurds of Syria -- Appendix 3. The Kurds of Lebanon -- Appendix 4. The Kurds of the Caucasus