What is West Syndrome? -- Relationship between encephalopathy and abnormal neuronal activity in the developing brain -- Hypotheses from functional neuroimaging studies -- Infantile spasms: unique syndrome or general age-dependent manifestation of a diffuse encephalopathy? -- Histopathology of brain tissue from patients with infantile spasms -- Generators of ictal and interictal electroencephalograms associated with infantile spasms: intracelluar studies of cortical and thalamic neurons -- Cortical and subcortical generators of normal and abnormal rhythmicity -- Role of subcortical structures in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms: what are possible subcortical mediators? -- What must we know to develop better therapies? -- Treatment of infantile spasms: an evidence-based approach -- ACTH treatment of infantile spasms: mechanisms of its effects in modulation of neuronal excitability -- Neurosteroids and infantile spasms: the deoxycorticosterone hypothesis -- Are there specific anatomical and/or transmitter systems (cortical or subcortical) that should be targeted? -- Medical versus surgical treatment: which treatment when -- Developmental outcome with and without successful interventions -- Infantile spasms versus myoclonus: is there a connection? -- Tuberous sclerosis as an underlying basis for infantile spasm -- Brain malformations, epilepsy, and infantile spasms -- Brain maturational aspects relevant to pathophysiology of infantile spasms -- Gene experssion analysis as a strategy to understand the molecular pathogenesis of infantile spasms -- Infantile spasms: criteria for an animal model