A. Gouveia Oliveira, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
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1 online resource (x, 335 pages)
GENERAL NOTES
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Description based upon print version of record
INTERNAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES/INDEXES NOTE
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Includes bibliographical references ([325]-326 pages and index
CONTENTS NOTE
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Biostatistics Decoded; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The object of biostatistics; 1.2 Defining the population; 1.3 Study design; 1.4 Sampling; 1.5 Inferences from samples; 2 Basic concepts; 2.1 Data reduction; 2.2 Scales of measurement; 2.3 Tabulations of data; 2.4 Central tendency measures; 2.5 Measures of dispersion; 2.6 Compressing data; 2.7 The standard deviation; 2.8 The n -- 1 divisor; 2.9 Properties of means and variances; 2.10 Common frequency distributions; 2.11 The normal distribution; 2.12 The central limit theorem; 2.13 Properties of the normal distribution
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2.14 Statistical tables3 Statistical inference; 3.1 Sampling distributions; 3.2 The normal distribution of sample means; 3.3 The standard error of the mean; 3.4 The value of the standard error; 3.5 Inferences from means; 3.6 Confidence intervals; 3.7 The case of small samples; 3.8 Student's t distribution; 3.9 Statistical tables of the t distribution; 3.10 Estimation with binary variables; 3.11 The binomial distribution; 3.12 Inferences from proportions; 3.13 Statistical tables of the binomial distribution; 3.14 Sample size requirements; 4 Descriptive studies
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4.1 Classification of descriptive studies; 4.2 Probability sampling; 4.3 Simple random sampling; 4.4 Replacement in sampling; 4.5 Stratified sampling; 4.6 Multistage sampling; 4.7 Prevalence studies; 4.8 Incidence studies; 4.9 The person-years method; 4.10 Non-probability sampling in descriptive studies; 4.11 Standardization; 5 Analytical studies; 5.1 Design of analytical studies; 5.2 Non-probability sampling in analytical studies; 5.3 The investigation of associations; 5.4 Comparison of two means; 5.5 Comparison of two means from small samples; 5.6 Comparison of two proportions
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5.7 Relative risks and odds ratios; 5.8 Attributable risk; 5.9 Logits and log odds ratios; 6 Statistical tests; 6.1 The null hypothesis; 6.2 The z-test; 6.3 The p-value; 6.4 Student's t-test; 6.5 The binomial test; 6.6 The chi-square test; 6.7 Degrees of freedom; 6.8 The table of the chi-square distribution; 6.9 Analysis of variance; 6.10 Statistical tables of the F distribution; 7 Issues with statistical tests; 7.1 One-sided tests; 7.2 Power of a statistical test; 7.3 Sample size estimation; 7.4 Multiple comparisons; 7.5 Scale transformation; 7.6 Non-parametric tests; 8 Longitudinal studies
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8.1 Repeated measurements; 8.2 The paired Student's t-test; 8.3 McNemar's test; 8.4 Analysis of events; 8.5 The actuarial method; 8.6 The Kaplan-Meier method; 8.7 The logrank test; 8.8 The adjusted logrank test; 8.9 The Poisson distribution; 8.10 The incidence rate ratio; 9 Statistical modeling; 9.1 Linear regression; 9.2 The least squares method; 9.3 Linear regression estimates; 9.4 Regression and correlation; 9.5 The F-test in linear regression; 9.6 Interpretation of regression analysis results; 9.7 Multiple regression; 9.8 Regression diagnostics; 9.9 Selection of predictor variables; 9.10 Regression, t-test, and anova
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SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
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Study design and statistical methodology are two important concerns for the clinical researcher. This book sets out to address both issues in a clear and concise manner. The presentation of statistical theory starts from basic concepts, such as the properties of means and variances, the properties of the Normal distribution and the Central Limit Theorem and leads to more advanced topics such as maximum likelihood estimation, inverse variance and stepwise regression as well as, time-to-event, and event-count methods. Furthermore, this book explores sampling methods, study design and statistics