Extremophiles and the origin of life / Sara Islas ... [et al.] -- Thermal environments and biodiversity / Elizabeth A. Burgess, Isaac D. Wagner, and Juergen Wiegel -- Functional genomics in thermophilic microorganisms / Frank T. Robb and Deborah T. Newby -- How nucleic acids cope with high temperature / Henri Grosjean and Tairo Oshima -- How thermophiles cope with thermolabile metabolites / Jan Massant -- Temperature-dependent molecular adaptation features in proteins / Sandeep Kumar, Sunil Arya, and Ruth Nussinov -- The physiological role, biosynthesis and mode of action of compatible solutes from (hyper)thermophiles / Helena Santos ... [et al.] -- Membrane adaptations of (hyper)thermophiles to high temperatures / Arnold J. M. Driessen and Sonja V. Albers -- Ecology and biodiversity of cold-adapted microorganisms / Don A. Cowan, Ana Casanueva, and William Stafford -- Life in ice formations at very cold temperatures / Jody W. Deming -- Lake Vostok and subglacial lakes of Antarctica: do they host life? Guido di Prisco -- Psychrophiles: membrane adaptations / Nicholas J. Russell -- Cold-adapted enzymes / Tony Collins ... [et al.] -- The cold-shock response / Masayori Inouye and Sangita Phadtare -- Perception and transduction of low temperature in bacteria / S. Shivaji, M. D. Kiran, and S. Chintalapati -- An interplay between metabolic and physico-chemical constraints: lessons from the psychrophilic prokaryote genomes / Antoine Danchin -- Biodiversity in highly saline environments / Aharon Oren -- Response to osmotic stress in a haloarchaeal genome: a role for general stress proteins and global regulatory mechanisms / Guadalupe Juez ... [et al.] -- Molecular adaptation to high salt / Frederic Vellieux ... [et al.] -- Physiology and ecology of acidophilic microorganisms / D. Barrie Johnson -- Acidophiles: mechanisms to tolerate metal and acid toxicity / Sylvia Franke and Christopher Rensing -- Genomics of acidophiles / A. Angelov and W. Liebl -- Environmental and taxonomic biodiversities of gram-positive alkaliphiles / Isao Yumoto -- Bioenergetic adaptations that support alkaliphily / Terry Ann Krulwich ... [et al. ] -- Microbial adaptation to high pressure / Douglas H. Bartlett, Federico M. Lauro, and Emiley A. Eloe -- Astrobiology and the search for life in the universe / Giles M. Marion and Dirk Schulze-Makuch -- Extremophiles, a unique resource of biocatalysts for industrial biotechnology / Garabed Antranikian and Ksenia Egorova -- Lessons from extremophiles: early evolution and border conditions of life / Ying Xu and Nicolas Glansdorff