عنوان

Ethics :

(Number (ISBN

1285196759 (pbk.)

(Number (ISBN

9781285196756 (pbk.)

Number

dltt

Title Proper

Ethics :

General Material Designation

[Book]

Other Title Information

theory and contemporary issues

Edition Statement

Eighth edition /

Statement of Responsibility Relating to Edition

Barbara MacKinnon, University of San Francisco, professor of philosophy, emerita, Andrew Fiala, California State University, professor of philosophy

Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item

xii, 596 pages :

Other Physical Details

color illustrations ;

Dimensions

24 cm

Text of Note

Includes bibliographical references and index

Text of Note

PART ONE. ETHICAL THEORY -- 1. Ethics and Ethical Reasoning -- Why Study Ethics? -- What Is Ethics? -- Ethical and Other Types of Evaluation -- Sociobiology and the Naturalistic Fallacy -- Ethical Terms -- Ethics and Reasons -- Intuitionism, Emotivism, Subjectivism, Objectivism -- Ethical Reasoning and Arguments -- The Structure of Ethical Reasoning and Argument -- Evaluating and Making Good Arguments -- Ethical Theory -- Types of Ethical Theory -- Can Ethics Be Taught? -- Reading -- Ethical Judgments and Matters of Fact David Hume -- Emotivism and Ethics: C.L. Stevenson -- Review Exercises -- 2. Religion and Global Ethics -- Freedom, Cosmopolitanism, and the European Enlightenment -- Religion, Civic Life, and Civil Disobedience -- Ethics, Religion, and Divine Command Theory -- Pluralism and the Golden Rule -- The Problem of Evil and Free Will 29Secular Ethics and Toleration -- Criticisms of Secularism and Global Ethics -- Reading -- Euthyphro: Plato -- Religion and Truth: Mohandas K. Gandhi -- Reimagining a Global Ethic: Michael Ignatieff -- Review Exercises -- 3. Ethical Relativism -- Descriptive vs. Normative Ethical Relativism -- Individual vs. Cultural Relativism -- Strong and Weak Relativism -- Reasons Supporting Ethical Relativism -- The Diversity of Moral Views -- Tolerance and Open-Mindedness -- Moral Uncertainty -- Situational Differences -- Are These Reasons Convincing? -- The Diversity of Moral Views -- Tolerance and Open-Mindedness -- Moral Uncertainty -- Situational Differences -- Is Relativism Self-Contradictory? -- Moral Realism -- Moral Pluralism -- Reading -- Who's to Judge?: Louis Pojman -- Moral Relativism: Richard Rorty -- Review Exercises -- 4. Egoism, Altruism, and the Social Contract -- Psychological Egoism -- What Is Psychological Egoism? -- Is Psychological Egoism True? -- Ethical Egoism -- What Is Ethical Egoism? -- Is Ethical Egoism a Good Theory? -- The Moral Point of View -- Why Be Moral? -- Reading -- The Ring of Gyges: Plato -- Self Love: Thomas Hobbes -- The Social Contract and Altruism: Steven Pinker -- Review Exercises -- 5. Utilitarianism and John Stuart Mill -- Weighing Consequences -- Historical Background -- Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill -- The Principle of Utility -- Pleasure and Happiness -- Calculating the Greatest Amount of Happiness -- Quantity vs. Quality of Pleasure -- Evaluating Utilitarianism -- Application of the Principle -- Utilitarianism and Personal Integrity -- Ends and Means -- The Trolley Problem -- Act and Rule Utilitarianism -- "Proof" of the Theory -- Reading -- Utilitarianism: John Stuart Mill -- Review Exercises -- 6. Deontological Ethics and Immanuel Kant -- Deontology and the Ethics of Duty -- Immanuel Kant -- What Is the Right Motive? -- What Is the Right Thing to Do? -- The Categorical Imperative -- The First Form -- The Second Form -- Evaluating Kant's Moral Theory -- The Nature of Moral Obligation -- The Application of the Categorical Imperative -- Duty -- Moral Equality and Impartiality -- Perfect and Imperfect Duties -- Variations on Kant and Deontology -- Reading -- Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals: Immanuel Kant -- Review Exercises -- 7. Natural Law and Human Rights -- Natural Law Theory -- Historical Origins -- Evaluating Natural Law Theory -- Natural Rights -- Evaluating Natural Rights Theory -- Is There A Human Nature? -- Reading -- On Natural Law: Thomas Aquinas -- Second Treatise of Civil Government: John Locke -- Review Exercises -- 8. Virtue Ethics -- Virtues and Everyday Life -- Aristotle -- Virtue as a Mean -- Nature, Human Nature, and the Human Good -- Cross-Cultural and Contemporary Virtue Ethics -- Evaluating Virtue Ethics -- Reading -- The Nicomachean Ethics: Aristotle -- Virtues and Vices: Philippa Foot -- Review Exercises -- 9. Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care -- Gender in Moral Reasoning and the Ethics of Care -- Is There a Gender Difference in Morality? -- The Source of Feminine Morality -- Evaluating Gender-Specific Approaches to Morality -- Feminist Thought -- Evaluation of Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care -- Reading -- Caring: Nel Noddings -- The Need for More Than Justice: Annette Baier -- Review Exercises

Text of Note

PART TWO. ETHICAL ISSUES -- 10. Euthanasia -- Euthanasia for Infants and the Disabled -- Criteria for Death -- Types of Euthanasia -- Active and Passive Euthanasia -- Voluntary, Nonvoluntary, and Involuntary Euthanasia -- Physician-Assisted Suicide -- Pain Medication and Palliative Sedation -- Ordinary and Extraordinary Measures -- Combining the Types of Euthanasia -- Making Moral Judgments About Euthanasia -- The Moral Significance of Voluntariness -- Active versus Passive Euthanasia -- Reading -- The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia: J. Gay-Williams -- Active and Passive Euthanasia: James Rachels -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 11. Abortion -- Stages of Fetal Development -- Methods of Abortion -- Abortion and the Law -- Abortion: The Moral Question -- Arguments That Do Not Depend on the Moral Status of the Fetus -- Utilitarian Reasoning -- Some Rights Arguments -- Arguments That Depend on the Moral Status of the Fetus -- Method I -- Method II -- Reading -- A Defense of Abortion: Judith Jarvis Thomson -- Why Abortion Is Immoral: Don Marquis -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 12. Sexual Morality -- Current Issues -- Conceptual Problems: What Is and Is Not Sexual -- Relevant Factual Matters -- Sexual Morality and Ethical Theories -- Consequentialist Or Utilitarian Considerations -- Non-consequentialist or Deontological Considerations -- Natural Law Considerations -- Gay Marriage -- Reading -- Law, Morality, and "Sexual Orientation": John Finnis -- "It's Not Natural": John Corvino -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 13. Equality and Discrimination -- Discrimination -- Racial Discrimination -- The Principle of Equality -- Justice -- Social Benefits and Harms -- Proof and Reality of Difference -- Relevant Differences -- Challenges to the Principle -- Current Issues and the Law -- Profiling -- Hate Crimes -- Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment -- Consequentialist Considerations -- Non-consequentialist Considerations -- Reading -- Racisms: Kwame Anthony Appiah -- Was I Entitled or Should I Apologize? Affirmative Action Going Forward: Anita L. Allen -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 14. Economic Justice -- Economic Inequality -- Poverty, Education, and Health Care -- Conceptions of Social Justice -- Process Distributive Justice -- End-State Distributive Justice -- Equal Opportunity -- Political and Economic Theories -- Libertarianism -- Capitalism -- Socialism -- Modern Liberalism -- John Rawls's Theory of Justice -- Communitarianism -- Reading -- Justice as Fairness: John Rawls -- Distributive Justice: Robert Nozick -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 15. Punishment and the Death Penalty -- The Nature of Legal Punishment -- The Deterrence Argument -- The Retributivist Argument -- Punishment and Responsibility -- Prisons -- Race -- Restoration and Rehabilitation -- The Death Penalty -- Legal Issues -- Exonerations -- Racial Bias and Fairness -- Costs -- Deterrence Considerations -- On Retributivist Grounds -- Mercy and Restorative Justice -- Humane Executions -- Reading -- Are Prisons Obsolete?: Angela Y. Davis -- A Theory of Just Execution: Lloyd Steffen -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 16. Environmental Ethics -- The Environment and Its Value -- Anthropocentrism -- Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Environmental Justice -- Ecocentrism -- Deep Ecology -- Ecofeminism -- Current Issues -- Climate Change -- Ozone Depletion -- Waste Disposal and Pollution -- Wilderness Preservation -- International Environmental Conventions -- Global Justice and the Tragedy of the Commons -- Reading -- People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution: William F. Baxter -- Deep Ecology: Bill Devall and George Sessions -- Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique: Ramachandra Guha -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 17. Animal Ethics -- Current Issues -- Moral Vegetarianism -- Animal Experimentation -- Endangered Species -- Approaches to Animal Ethics -- Sentience, Equal Consideration, and Animal Welfare -- Animal Rights -- Reading -- All Animals Are Equal: Peter Singer -- Speciesism and the Idea of Equality: Bonnie Steinbock -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 18. Biotechnology and Bioengineering -- Current Issues -- Athletic and Cognitive Enhancement -- Stem Cell Research -- Cloning -- Genetic Engineering-and Genetic Screening -- Genetically Modified Plants and Animals -- Legal and Ethical Issues -- Athletic and Cognitive Enhancement -- Stem Cell Research -- Cloning -- Genetic Engineering and Genetic Screening -- Genetically Modified Organisms -- Reading -- Ageless Bodies, Happy Souls: Leon R. Kass -- In Defense of Posthuman Dignity: Nick Bostrom -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 19. Violence and War -- Realism -- Pacifism -- Just War Theory -- Jus ad Bellum -- Jus in Bello -- Current Issues -- Terrorism -- Targeted Killing and Drones -- Weapons of Mass Destruction -- War Crimes and Universal Human Rights -- Torture -- Reading -- Pilgrimage to Nonviolence: Martin Luther King Jr. -- The Triumph of Just War Theory (and the Dangers of Success): Michael Walzer -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- 20. Global Justice and Globalization -- Moral Arguments About Global Poverty -- Self-Interest -- Justice -- Rights -- Practical Considerations -- Global Inequality -- Levels of International Aid -- Causes of Global Poverty -- Solutions and Progress -- Globalization and Its Critics -- Economic Impacts -- Cultural Diversity -- Reading -- The Singer Solution to World Poverty: Peter Singer -- Principles of Earth Democracy: Vandana Shiva -- Review Exercises -- Discussion Cases -- The Content of the Paper -- The Paper's Structure -- Format -- Grammar, Spelling, and Gender -- Types of Ethics Papers -- A Historical Approach -- A Problem in Ethical Theory -- A Contemporary Moral Issue -- Is it an Ethics Paper? -- Structuring or Analyzing an Ethical Argument -- Reasons and Conclusions -- Types and Sources of Evidence -- Types of Reasons -- Top-to-Bottom or Bottom-to-Top Reasoning? -- Using Examples and Analogies -- Sample Ethics Papers -- Notes -- Historical Approach -- A Problem in Ethical Theory -- A Contemporary Ethical Issue

0

0

Ethics

Ethics, Modern-- 20th century

Number

Edition

Class number

Book number

MacKinnon, Barbara,1937-

Fiala, Andrew,1966-

Date of Transaction

20150909172640.0

Cataloguing Rules (Descriptive Conventions))

rda

Electronic name

[Book]

Y