Why measure health? -- Health -- Normative conceptions of health and its measurement -- Can health be measured? -- Health measurement systems -- Well-being and the value of health -- Preferences -- Valuing health by eliciting preferences -- Health and happiness -- Qualms about valuing health by well-being -- What makes well-being measurable? -- Should health be valued by its contribution to well-being? -- The public value of health -- Measuring the public value of health states -- Putting health measures to work : population health and cost-effectiveness -- How health policy should meet the ethical challenges -- Restricted consequentialism and public policy