PT. I. A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- [Section 1]. Different forms of motivation -- 1. Core social motivations : views from the couch, consciousness, classroom, computers, and collectives / Susan T. Fiske -- PT. II. FORMS AND SYSTEMS OF MOTIVATION -- 2. Belongingness motivation : a mainspring of social action / Mark R. Leary and Cody B. Cox -- 3. The many sides of control motivation : motives for high, low, and illusory control / Suzanne C. Thompson and Michèle M. Schlehofer -- 4. Self-enhancement and self-affirmation : the consequences of positive self-thoughts for motivation and health / Shelley E. Taylor and David K. Sherman -- 5. Cognitive dissonance theory : an update with a focus on the action-based model / Eddie Harmon-Jones and Cindy Harmon-Jones -- 6. Motivated closed-mindedness and its social consequences / Arie W. Kruglanski and Woo Young Chun -- 7. Historical perspectives and new directions in achievement goal theory : understanding the effects of mastery and performance-approach goals / Corwin Senko, Amanda M. Durik, and Judith M. Harackiewicz -- 8. A basic but uniquely human motivation : terror management / Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Jamie Arndt -- 9. Prosocial motivation / C. Daniel Batson ... [et al.] -- 10. Implicit motivation : past, present, and future / Melissa J. Ferguson, Ran Hassin, and John A. Bargh -- [Section 2]. Motivational systems -- 11. Motivations for promotion and prevention / Daniel C. Molden, Angela Y. Lee, and E. Tory Higgins -- 12. The neuroevolution of motivation / Gary G. Berntson and John T. Cacioppo -- 13. Contributions of attachment theory and research to motivation science / Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver -- 14. Structural dynamics : the challenge of change in goal systems / James Y. Shah and Arie W. Kruglanski -- PT. III. MOTIVATIONAL PROCESSES AND DIFFERENCES -- [Section 1.] Motivational processes and goal pursuits -- 15. The goal construct in psychology / Andrew J. Elliot and James W. Fryer -- 16. The impact of social comparisons on motivation / Penelope Lockwood and Rebecca T. Pinkus -- 17. Goal contagion : inferring goals from others' actions, and what leads to it / Henk Aarts, Ap Dijksterhuis, and Giel Dik -- 18. Implicit and explicit counteractive self-control / Ayelet Fishbach and Yaacov Trope -- 19. Dealing with unwanted feelings : the role of affect regulation in volitional action control / Sander L. Koole and Julius Kuhl -- 20. Feedback processes in the simultaneous regulation of action and affect / Charles S. Carver and Michael F. Scheier -- 21. Flexible tenacity in goal pursuit / Peter M. Gollwitzer ... [et al.] -- 22. The antecedents and consequences of nonconscious goal pursuit / Tanya L. Chartrand, Amy N. Dalton, and Clara Michelle Cheng -- 23. Regulatory fit / E. Tory Higgins -- 24. Can satisfaction reinforce wanting? : a new theory about long-term changes in strength of motivation / Kathleen D. Vohs and Roy F. Baumeister -- [Section 2]. Motivational differences -- 25. The role of goal investment in self-regulation : benefits and costs / Eva M. Pomerantz and Serena Shim -- 26. Self-theories, goals, and meaning / Carol S. Dweck and Heidi Grant -- 27. Culture and motivation / Beth Morling and Shinobu Kitayama -- 28. Of men, women, and motivation : a role congruity account / Amanda B. Diekman and Alice H. Eagly -- 29. Developmental perspectives on achievement motivation : personal and contextual influences / Lisa Linnenbrink-Garcia and Jennifer A. Fredricks -- 30. The interface of motivation science and psychology : self-concordance, quality motivation, and multilevel personality integration / Kennon M. Sheldon -- PT. IV. APPLICATIONS OF MOTIVATIONAL RESEARCH -- [Section 1]. Well-being and optimal functioning -- 31. Challenge, threat, and health / Jim Blascovich -- 32. Understanding the determinants of health behavior change : integrating theory and practice / Alexander J. Rothman ... [et al.] -- 33. Social exclusion, motivation, and self-defeating behavior : why breakups lead to drunkenness and ice cream / Jean M. Twenge -- 34. Personal goals and life dreams : positive psychology and motivation in daily life / Laura A. King -- [Section 2]. Intergroup and interpersonal relations -- 35. When self-protection hurts : satisfying connectedness motivations in close relationships / Sandra L. Murray -- 36. Prorelationship motivation : an interdependence theory analysis of situations with conflicting interests / Eli J. Finkel and Caryl E. Rusbult -- 37. Approaching social rewards and avoiding social punishments : appetitive and aversive social motivation / Shelly L. Gable and Amy Strachman -- 38. Making things better and worse : multiple motives in stereotyping and prejudice / Steven J. Stroessner and Abigail A. Scholer -- 39. System justification as conscious and nonconscious goal pursuit / John T. Jost ... [et al.].