History of clinical cytogenetics / Steven L. Gersen -- DNA, chromosomes, and cell division / Martha Keagle -- Human chromosome nomenclature: an overview and definition of terms / Avirachan Tharapel -- Basic laboratory procedures / Martha B. Keagle and Steven L. Gersen -- Microscopy / Christopher McAleer -- Quality control and quality assurance / Michael Watson and Steven L. Gersen -- Instrumentation in the cytogenetics laboratory / Steven L. Gersen and Lotte Downey -- Autosomal aneuploidy / Jin-Chen C. Wang -- Structural chromosome rearrangements / Kathleen Kaiser-Rogers and Kathleen Rao -- Sex chromosomes and sex chromosome abnormalities / Cynthia M. Powell -- The cytogenetics of infertility / Linda Marie Randolph -- Prenatal cytogenetics / Linda Marie Randolph -- The cytogenetics of spontaneous abortion / Solveig M.V. Pflueger -- Chromosome instability / Xiao-Xiang Zhang -- Cytogenetics of hematologic neoplasms / Rizwan Naeem -- Cytogenetics of solid tumors / Jonathan Fletcher -- Genomic imprinting and uniparental disomy / Jin-Chen C. Wang -- Fluroescence in situ hybridization (FISH) / Daynna Wolff and Stuart Schwartz -- Fragile X: from cytogenetics to molecular genetics / Patricia Howard-Peebles and Dana Crawford -- Genomic imprinting and uniparental disomy / Jin-Chen C. Wang -- Genetic counseling / Sarah Hutchings Clark