Contents note continued: 11.Craniofacial Biology, Orthodontics, and Implants / William J. Babler -- Craniofacial Skeleton -- Orthodontic Tooth Movement -- Suture Expansion -- Implants -- Suggested Readings -- 4.HORMONAL AND METABOLIC EFFECTS ON BONE -- 12.Skeletal Growth and Development / Robyn K. Fuchs -- Prenatal -- Childhood -- Development of Peak Bone Mass -- Regulators of Growth -- Catch-Up Growth -- Fracture Risk in Children -- Suggested Readings -- 13.Calcium and Phosphate: Hormonal Regulation and Metabolism / Erik A. Imel -- Interplay Among Organ Systems Regulates Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism -- Regulation of Whole Body Calcium Metabolism -- Hormones Controlling Calcium Metabolism -- Regulation of Whole Body Phosphate Metabolism -- Suggested Readings -- 14.Nutrition / Kathleen M. Hill Gallant -- Macro- and Micronutrient Roles in Bone Health -- When and How Nutrients Influence Bone Mass -- Perturbing Calcium Metabolism -- Whole Diet Matters --
Text of Note
Contents note continued: 7.Techniques in Histomorphometry / David B. Burr -- Histologic Specimens -- Histomorphometric Analysis -- Assumptions and Technical Aspects -- Histologic Features of Disease and Treatment -- Suggested Readings -- 8.Skeletal Genetics / Tim Corbin -- Simple and Complex Traits -- Transgenic Technology and the Creation of Novel Research Models -- Transgenic Animals and Bone Biology -- Suggested Readings -- 3.SKELETAL ADAPTATION -- 9.Mechanical Adaptation / David B. Burr -- Wolff's Law--A Historical Perspective -- Components of Strain that May be Osteogenic -- Animal Models of Skeletal Mechanotransduction -- Rules for Bone Adaptation -- The Mechanostat -- Cell Sensitivity and Refractory Periods -- A Test of Wolff's Law -- Mechanotransduction on a Smaller Scale: Cell Types and their Environment -- Fluid Flow in Bone Tissue has Manifold Cellular Effects -- Cellular Deformation and Stimulation -- What is the Mechanoreceptor? --
Contents note continued: Coordinating the Biochemical Response to Mechanical Stimulation -- Clinical Implications: Reaping the Benefits of Mechanical Loading Effects to Improve Skeletal Health -- Important Features of Exercise Regimens Designed to Influence Skeletal Adaptation -- Skeletal Benefit of Exercise During Infancy and Childhood -- Skeletal Response to Exercise in Adulthood -- Suggested Readings -- 10.Fracture Healing / David L. Stocum -- Introduction -- Types of Bone Fracture -- Primary and Secondary Repair Mechanisms -- Stages of Fracture Repair -- Assessment of Fracture Healing -- Cellular Events of Fracture Repair -- Molecular Regulation of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis During Fracture Repair -- Local Regulation of Fracture Repair -- Systemic Factors in Fracture Repair -- Effects of Osteoporosis Drugs on Fracture Healing -- Effects of Mechanical and Electrical Stimulation on Fracture Repair -- Suggested Readings --
Text of Note
Contents note continued: Dietary Bioactives and their Mechanisms -- Effects of Obesity and Weight Loss on Bone -- Correcting Nutrient Deficiencies Versus Optimizing Intakes -- Challenges for Studying Nutrient Interventions -- Suggested Readings -- 15.Hormonal Effects on Bone Cells / Kathleen M. Hill Gallant -- Introduction: Direct Versus Indirect Effects of Hormones on Bone Cells -- Parathyroid Hormone -- Sex Steroids -- Glucocorticoids -- Thyroid Hormone -- Somatotropin/Growth Hormone -- Insulin -- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 -- Leptin -- Suggested Readings -- 5.SKELETAL DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- 16.Metabolic Bone Diseases / David B. Burr -- Osteoporosis -- Osteogenesis Imperfecta -- Hyperparathyroidism -- Hypoparathyroidism -- Nutritional Rickets/Osteomalacia -- Hypophosphatemia -- Hyperphosphatemia -- Hypophosphatasia -- Paget Disease of Bone -- Osteopetroses -- Suggested Readings -- 17.Pharmaceutical Treatments of Osteoporosis / Matthew R. Allen -- Calcium and Vitamin D --
Text of Note
Contents note continued: Regulation of Bone Cell Differentiation and Function Through Cell-Cell Contact -- Local Angiogenic Factors that Regulate Bone Cell Activity -- Cell Surface Attachment Molecules -- Suggested Readings -- 4.Bone Modeling and Remodeling / David B. Burr -- Skeletal Development -- Bone Modeling -- Bone Remodeling -- Bone Repair -- Effects of Modeling and Remodeling on Bone Structure and Material Properties -- Laboratory Assessment of Modeling and Remodeling -- Suggested Readings -- 2.ASSESSMENT OF BONE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 5.Skeletal Imaging / Kelly Krohn -- Radiography -- Absorptiometry (Photon and X-Ray) -- Computed Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Positron Emission Tomography -- Ultrasound -- Suggested Readings -- 6.Skeletal Hard Tissue Biomechanics / Joseph M. Wallace -- Introduction to Basic Bone Structure and Function -- Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics -- Factors Contributing to Whole Bone Mechanical Properties -- Suggested Readings --
Text of Note
Machine generated contents note: 1.BASIC BONE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- 1.Bone Morphology and Organization / Ozan Akkus -- The Functions of Bone -- Bone is Organized as a Multiscale Material -- Bone Composition -- The Nanoscale Organization of Bone -- The Microstructural Organization of Bone -- The Macroscopic Organization of Bone -- The Blood Supply and Innervation of Bone -- Bone Fluid Compartments -- Bone Mass and Bone Quality -- Suggested Readings -- 2.Bone Cells / Angela Bruzzaniti -- Osteoclasts -- Osteoblasts -- Osteocytes -- Suggested Readings -- 3.Local Regulation of Bone Cell Function / Nicoletta Bivi -- Overview of Cytokines and Growth Factors and their Receptors -- Local Factors that Regulate Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation and Function -- Factors that Regulate Osteoclast Differentiation and Function -- Factors that Affect Osteoblast Differentiation and Function -- Local Factors that Affect Both Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts --