Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Series Preface Foreword (Barnes) Foreword (Kundel) Preface About the Author Notation 1 Preliminaries 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Clinical tasks 1.2.1 Workflow in an imaging study 1.2.2 The screening and diagnostic workup tasks 1.3 Imaging device development and its clinical deployment 1.3.1 Physical measurements 1.3.2 Quality control and image quality optimization 1.4 Image quality versus task performance 1.5 Why physical measures of image quality are not enough 1.6 Model observers. 1.7 Measuring observer performance: Four paradigms1.7.1 Basic approach to the analysis 1.7.2 Historical notes 1.8 Hierarchy of assessment methods 1.9 Overview of the book and how to use it 1.9.1 Overview of the book 1.9.1.1 Part A: The ROC paradigm 1.9.1.2 Part B: The statistics of ROC analysis 1.9.1.3 Part C: The FROC paradigm 1.9.1.4 Part D: Advanced topics 1.9.1.5 Part E: Appendices 1.9.2 How to use the book References PART Aâ#x80;#x83;The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) paradigm 2 The binary paradigm 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Decision versus truth: The fundamental 2 Ã#x97 2 table of ROC analysis2.3 Sensitivity and specificity 2.4 Reasons for the names sensitivity and specificity 2.5 Estimating sensitivity and specificity 2.6 Disease prevalence 2.7 Accuracy 2.8 Positive and negative predictive values 2.9 Example: Calculation of PPV, NPV, and accuracy 2.9.1 Code listing 2.9.2 Code output 2.9.3 Code output 2.10 PPV and NPV are irrelevant to laboratory tasks 2.11 Summary References 3 Modeling the binary task 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Decision variable and decision threshold. 3.2.1 Existence of a decision variable3.2.2 Existence of a decision threshold 3.2.3 Adequacy of the training session 3.3 Changing the decision threshold: Example I 3.4 Changing the decision threshold: Example II 3.5 The equal variance binormal model 3.6 The normal distribution 3.6.1 Code snippet 3.6.2 Analytic expressions for specificity and sensitivity 3.7 Demonstration of the concepts of sensitivity and specificity 3.7.1 Code output 3.7.2 Changing the seed variable: Case-sampling variability 3.7.2.1 Code output 3.7.3 Increasing the numbers of cases 3.7.3.1 Code output. 3.7.3.2 Code output3.7.3.3 Code snippet 3.8 Inverse variation of sensitivity and specificity and the need for a single FOM 3.9 The ROC curve 3.9.1 The chance diagonal 3.9.1.1 The guessing observer 3.9.2 Symmetry with respect to negative diagonal 3.9.3 Area under the ROC curve 3.9.4 Properties of the equal variance binormal model ROC curve 3.9.5 Comments 3.9.6 Physical interpretation of Îơ 3.9.6.1 Code snippet 3.10 Assigning confidence intervals to an operating point 3.10.1 Code output 3.10.2 Code output 3.10.3 Exercises.