A Comparative Study of Tramadol and Ondansetron in Controlling Post Operation Pain and Shivering in Pregnant Women Candidate for Cesarean Section, Referred to Yas Hospital 2022
Title Proper
بررسی مقایسهای ترامادول و اندانسترون در کنترل درد و لرز پس از عمل در زنان باردار کاندید سزارین مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان یاس سال 1401
General Material Designation
[Dissertation]
First Statement of Responsibility
Ateeb Farooq
First Statement of Responsibility
اطیب فاروق
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Medicine school
Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.
1401
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item
38p
DISSERTATION (THESIS) NOTE
Dissertation or thesis details and type of degree
Doctor of Medicine (MD)
Dissertation or thesis details and type of degree
دکتری پزشکی عمومی
Date of degree
1401/12/01
Date of degree
1401/12/01
Text preceding or following the note
18
Text preceding or following the note
18
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
Spinal anesthesia is a safe and popular anesthetic technique for cesarean section because of its rapid onset, the low dose of local anesthetic used and postoperative analgesia provided by intrathecal morphine. However, post-anesthetic shivering (PS) develops in up to 39 % of parturients receiving spinal anesthesia. It may also increase metabolic rate by up to 400 %, induce arterial hypoxemia and lactic acidosis, increase intraocular pressure and cause artefacts in monitors. Among the pharmacological methods of controlling shivering, meperidine is often recommended for PS. This special ant shivering activity may be mediated in part by activation of the kappa opioid receptors. However, the effectiveness of meperidine in the treatment of shivering after neuraxial opioids is limited by the risks of respiratory depression and sedation. Tramadol has been shown to be effective in the treatment of shivering under regional anesthesia in cesarean delivery patients. Ondansetron is also used for the prevention of intrathecal morphine induced pruritus, are also effective in treatment or prevention of PS. This study is a randomized clinical trial in pregnant women who undergo spinal anesthesia in Yas Hospital. Cesarean section is one of the most common surgeries and every year millions of women give birth to their babies by cesarean section. Unfortunately, this surgery is associated with complications for both mother and the baby, including shivering and pain following this procedure. Shivering in cesarean section is a common problem seen in 45 to 85% of cases and the most commonly used drug to control shivering is Meperidine but due to the risk of respiratory depression as well as its effect on the prenatal period it is used very carefully. Other drugs used to control shivering are Magnesium sulfate which has analgesic and muscle relaxant effect; its use reduces the required dose of Fentanyl and has a muscle relaxant effect during surgery. Choosing the right medication to control maternal shivering during a spinal anesthesia with low side effects is important for both mother and the baby. The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of Tramadol and Ondansetron on shivering and pain after the cesarean section.METHODS: In this study, first, at the preoperative visit, the patient's clinical condition is checked. Then, using the random allocation law method, patients are randomly assigned to the first group (Tramadol) or the second group (Ondansetron). Group therapy is not known. After performing spinal anesthesia for the patient, the drug is prescribed as an intravenous bolus based on the patient's group therapy. The following outcomes for patients are then assessed. Outcomes: The patient's vital signs including blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation are checked every 5 minutes during surgery and the patient's temperature every 10 minutes.Level of shiveringLevel of pain in patients using the VAS scale.After delivery, the information of the newborn, including Apgar score, weight, height and any physical and functional disorders of the newborn are measured.The data obtained was analyzed by the SPSS software and the significance value of < 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: The sample population was divided into two groups. The population studied was patients undergoing cesarean section in 2022 in Yas hospital. The population was divided into two groups based on the drug used, i.e. patients who used tramadol and patients who used ondansetron. The sample size for each group was calculated to be 30. However, a total of 55 patients were observed in this study.Our study found that the mean maternal age is 32.65 ± 6.17 years. This age is reasonably similar in both groups wherein the mean age in the Tramadol Group is 31.19 ± 6.2 while the mean age in the Ondansetron Group is 34.07 ± 5.8. Similarly, the BMI of the tramadol group was 32.03 ± 6.0 as compared to the ondansetron group with a BMI of 30.99 ± 4.7. The average parity of patients in the Tramadol group was 1.25 and the average parity in the Ondansetron group was 2.08. We found no significant relation with pain and shivering between the given groups regarding Age, BMI and Parity.CONCLUSION: In this descriptive review, we presented information related to clinical and laboratory features of pregnant women. This study comes to a conclusion that most of the pregnant women that referred to Yas hospital for cesarean section didn’t have any complications except for a few patients. In this clinical trial, we did not find any significant difference between the effect of Tramadol and Ondansetron in controlling post operation pain and shivering in pregnant women who have referred to YAS hospital for cesarean section during 2022.
Text of Note
بی حسی نخاعی به دلیل شروع سریع، دوز پایین بی حس کننده موضعی مورد استفاده و بی دردی بعد از عمل توسط مورفین داخل نخاعی، یک روش بیهوشی ایمن و محبوب برای سزارین است. با این حال، لرز پس از بیهوشی (PS) در 39 درصد از زایمانهایی که بیحسی نخاعی دریافت میکنند، ایجاد میشود. همچنین ممکن است سرعت متابولیسم را تا 400 درصد افزایش دهد، هیپوکسمی شریانی و اسیدوز لاکتیک را القا کند، فشار داخل چشم را افزایش دهد و باعث ایجاد آثار باستانی در مانیتورها شود. در میان روش های دارویی کنترل لرز، مپریدین اغلب برای PS توصیه می شود. این فعالیت خاص لرزان مورچه ممکن است تا حدی با فعال شدن گیرنده های اپیوئیدی کاپا انجام شود. با این حال، اثربخشی مپریدین در درمان لرز پس از مصرف مواد افیونی عصبی توسط خطرات افسردگی تنفسی و آرامبخشی محدود شده است. نشان داده شده است که ترامادول در درمان لرز تحت بیهوشی منطقه ای در بیماران زایمان سزارین موثر است. اندانسترون همچنین برای پیشگیری از خارش ناشی از مورفین داخل نخاعی استفاده می شود، همچنین در درمان یا پیشگیری از PS موثر است. این مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده بر روی زنان باردار تحت بی حسی نخاعی در بیمارستان یاس می باشد. سزارین یکی از رایج ترین جراحی هاست و سالانه میلیون ها زن نوزاد خود را با سزارین به دنیا می آورند. متأسفانه این جراحی با عوارضی هم برای مادر و هم برای نوزاد از جمله لرز و درد به دنبال این عمل همراه است. لرز در سزارین مشکل شایعی است که در 45 تا 85 درصد موارد دیده می شود و متداول ترین داروی مورد استفاده برای کنترل لرز مپریدین است اما به دلیل خطر ابتلا به افسردگی تنفسی و همچنین تأثیر آن در دوران بارداری با احتیاط فراوان مصرف می شود. سایر داروهای مورد استفاده برای کنترل لرز سولفات منیزیم است که دارای اثر ضد درد و شل کننده عضلانی است. استفاده از آن دوز مورد نیاز فنتانیل را کاهش می دهد و اثر شل کننده عضلانی در حین جراحی دارد. انتخاب داروی مناسب برای کنترل لرز مادر در حین بی حسی نخاعی با عوارض جانبی کم برای مادر و نوزاد مهم است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر مقایسه اثر ترامادول و اندانسترون بر لرز و درد بعد از سزارین می باشد.
TOPICAL NAME USED AS SUBJECT
Entry Element
درد
Entry Element
Pain
Entry Element
لرز
Entry Element
Chill*
Entry Element
Shivering
Entry Element
سزارین
Entry Element
Cesarean section
Entry Element
نخاع
Entry Element
Spinal anesthesia
Topical Subdivision
-- بیحسی
a06
a06
a08
a08
a08
a11
a11
a13
a13
Tramadol
Ondansetron
postoperative analgesia
post-anesthetic shivering (PS)
PS
arterial hypoxemia
lactic acidosis
meperidine
neuraxial opioid
regional anesthesia
Ondansetron
ترامادول
اندانسترون
مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده
بی حس کننده موضعی
مورفین داخل نخاعی
لرز پس از بیهوشی
بیحسی نخاعی
هیپوکسمی شریانی
اسیدوز لاکتیک
فشار داخل چشم
مپریدین
گیرنده های اپیوئیدی کاپا
مواد افیونی عصبی
respiratory depression
sedation
intrathecal morphine
kappa opioid receptors
intraocular pressure
randomized clinical trial
intrathecal morphine induced pruritus
خارش ناشی از مورفین داخل نخاعی
PERSONAL NAME - PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY
Relator Code
, Author
Relator Code
, Author
Farooq, Ateeb
فاروق، اطیب
PERSONAL NAME - SECONDARY RESPONSIBILITY
Relator Code
, Thesis advisor
Relator Code
, Thesis advisor
Relator Code
, Thesis advisor
Relator Code
, Thesis advisor
Relator Code
, Consulting advisor
Relator Code
, Consulting advisor
Relator Code
, Consulting advisor
Relator Code
, Consulting advisor
Atayi, Hussein Ali
عطائی، حسینعلی
Adabi, Khadijeh
ادبی، خدیجه
Nazari, Nima
نظری، نیما
Golshahi, Fatemah
گلشاهی، فاطمه
CORPORATE BODY NAME - SECONDARY RESPONSIBILITY
Entry Element
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Medicine school