Part I. The Meaning of Endemism -- 1. The Increasing Importance of Endemism: Responsibility, the Media and Education -- 2. How to Quantify Endemism -- Part II. Endemic Vascular Plants over Time -- 3. Factors that Create and Increase Endemism -- 4. Factors that Threaten and Reduce Endemism -- Part III. Endemic Vascular Plants in Space -- 5. Biogeography of Endemic Vascular Plants Overview -- 6. Endemism on Islands - Case Studies -- 7. Endemism in Mainland Regions - Case Studies -- Part IV. Endemism in Vascular Plants Synthesis -- Appendix -- Glossary