Introduction.--Niebuhr.--Wolf, Bockh and Otfried Muller.--Eichhorn and Savigny.--Jacob Grimm.--The 'Monumenta Germaniae historica.'--Ranke.--Ranke's critics and pupils.--The Prussian school.--The renaissance of historical studies in France.--The romantic school, Thierry and Michelet.--The political school, Guizot, Mignet and Thiers.--The middle ages and the ancient regime.--The French revolution--Napoleon.--From Hallam to Macaulay.--Thirlwall, Grote and Arnold.--Carlyle and Froude.--The Oxford school.--Gardiner and Lecky, Seeley and Creighton.--Acton and Maitland.--The United States.--Minor countries.--Mommsen and Roman studies.--Greece and Byzantium.--The ancient East.--The Jews and the Christian church.--Catholicism.--The history of civilization