Globalization of services and the making of a new global labor force in India's Silicon Valley
General Material Designation
[Thesis]
Subsequent Statement of Responsibility
;supervisor Robinson, William I.
.PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC
Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.
University of California, Santa Barbara: United States -- California
Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.
: 2008
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item
350 pages
DISSERTATION (THESIS) NOTE
Dissertation or thesis details and type of degree
Ph.D.
Body granting the degree
, University of California, Santa Barbara: United States -- California
SUMMARY OR ABSTRACT
Text of Note
This dissertation explores the globalization of services and the formation of a new global labor force in India's Silicon Valley in Bangalore. This study theorizes the deepening of globalization into services and the associated socio-economic changes that result from this second wave of globalization by examining the following questions: (1) How does the globalization of services impact the socio-economic and cultural life of workers doing offshore business services? (2) What differences are there between the globalization of manufacturing and the globalization of services in their incorporation of workers into the global economy, and how do they produce different social formations and consequences for workers? The main thesis is that we are now in a second wave of globalization. The first wave involved fragmentation of manufacturing. There is a similar process unfolding in services and the rise of offshoring to India is the leading edge of this process. Based on nine months of field research in Bangalore--ethnography, company visits and archives--I argue that the globalization of services differs crucially from the globalization of manufacturing because it incorporates middle class workers into global production. Since services have higher cultural content than manufacturing, the workers doing global service work--such as call center workers in India--show striking cultural transformation. Indian call center workers are culturally trained to serve markets in the global north. The rise of globalization of services is located in the restructuring of corporations in the US in the 1980s, a decade marked by two recessions. These recessions increased pressure on companies to reorganize along core and non-core work, a process helped by the introduction of Information Technology; initially non-core was increasingly taken over by outside vendors and was progressively moved to the premises of the vendors. This process of outsourcing unfolded initially in the US and then progressively ended up overseas as offshoring, where it is creating new forms of socio-cultural inequalities. These new inequalities are present in the spatial and temporal transformation underway in the city of Bangalore, and are represented in the rise of a new middle class.