عنوان

Why intelligence fails

(Number (ISBN

9780801447853 (cloth : alk. paper)

Number

2-13731

.Language of Text, Soundtrack etc

انگلیسی

Title Proper

Why intelligence fails

Other Title Information

: lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War

First Statement of Responsibility

/ Robert Jervis.

Place of Publication, Distribution, etc.

Ithaca

Name of Publisher, Distributor, etc.

: Cornell University Press

Date of Publication, Distribution, etc.

, 2010.

Specific Material Designation and Extent of Item

ix, 238 p.

Dimensions

; 25 cm.

Series Title

Cornell studies in security affairs

Text of Note

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Text of Note

"The U.S. government spends enormous resources each year on the gathering and analysis of intelligence, yet the history of American foreign policy is littered with missteps and misunderstandings that have resulted from intelligence failures. In Why Intelligence Fails, Robert Jervis examines the politics and psychology of two of the more spectacular intelligence failures in recent memory: the mistaken belief that the regime of the Shah in Iran was secure and stable in 1978, and the claim that Iraq had active WMD programs in 2002." "The Iran case is based on a newly declassified report Jervis was commissioned to undertake by CIA thirty years ago and includes memoranda written by CIA officials in response to Jervis's findings. The Iraq case, also grounded in a review of the intelligence community's performance, is based on close readings of both classified and declassified documents, though Jervis's conclusions are entirely supported by evidence that has been declassified." "In both cases, Jervis finds not only that intelligence was badly flawed but also that later explanations - analysts were bowing to political pressure and telling the White House what it wanted to hear or were willfully blind - were also incorrect. Proponents of these explanations claimed that initial errors were compounded by groupthink, lack of coordination within the government, and failure to share information." "Policy prescriptions, including the establishment of a Director of National Intelligence, were supposed to remedy the situation." "In Jervis's estimation, neither the explanations nor the prescriptions are adequate. The inferences that intelligence drew were actually quite plausible given the information available. Errors arose, he concludes, from insufficient attention to the ways in which information should be gathered and interpreted, a lack of self-awareness about the factors that led to the judgments, and an organizational culture that failed to probe for weaknesses and explore alternatives. Evaluating the inherent tensions between the methods and aims of intelligence personnel and policymakers from a unique insider's perspective, Jervis forcefully criticizes proposals for improving the performance of the intelligence community and discusses ways in which future analysis can be improved."--BOOK JACKET.

United States - Evaluation

Intelligence service - United States - Evaluation - Case studies.

Iraq War, 2003 - Military intelligence - United States - Evaluation.

Weapons of mass destruction - Iraq.

Iran - History - Revolution, 1979.

0

Class number

Book number

Jervis, Robert,1940-

Date of Transaction

20100831182014.0

BL

129675

Y