عنوان

طراحي و بررسی ویژگی های روانسنجی پرسشنامه خشونت عليه زنان در محيط كار

۳۲۶۶پ

فارسی

طراحي و بررسی ویژگی های روانسنجی پرسشنامه خشونت عليه زنان در محيط كار

[پایان نامه]

Design and Investigation of Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire on Violence against Women in the workplace

دانشگاه علوم توان بخشی و سلامت اجتماعی University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation

۱۴۰۰

۱۵۵ص.

پیوست

19

14

۱۴۰۰/۰۴/۱۶

مقدمه: امروزه خشونت يكي از موضوعات مربوط به سلامتي و ايمني كار در نظر گرفته مي شود. "خشونت در محیط کار" يك موضوع نگران كننده براي هر زن در هر محيط كاری بوده و مشكلی جهاني است كه وقوع آن در حال افزايش است و منجر به عدم احساس امنیت در محیط کار برای زنان می شود. با این وجود یکی از خلاء های موجود در کار پژوهش در این زمینه فقدان یک پرسشنامه و ابزار مناسب (فارسی) جهت سنجش ابعاد و میزان خشونت اعمال شده علیه زنان در محیط کار ایران مي باشد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحي و آزمون ویژگی های روانسنجی ابزار سنجش خشونت عليه زنان شاغل در محيط كار طراحی و اجرا شد. روش: پژوهش حاضر با یک مرحله کیفی و یک مرحله کمی با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخت جهت گردآوری داده ها طراحی و اجرا شد. به منظور تهیه مخزن گویه مناسب برای ابزار سنجش دو منبع مد نظر قرار گرفت: در مرحله کیفی ابتدا مصاحبه ای کیفی با جمعیت هدف پژوهش (پنج نفر از کارکنان زن شاغل در شرکت ایران خودرو) صورت گرفت و سپس جهت بررسی ادبیات تحقیق، کلیه منابع مرتبط به خشونت علیه زنان بررسی و ابزارهای مورد استفاده در آنها مرور شد. مرحله کیفی مطالعه با انجام یک دور نظر سنجي از متخصصین پایان یافت. برای بررسی روایی محتوا از شاخص روایی محتوا استفاده شد. برای این منظور نظر10 متخصص (کارشناس ارشد و دکترای تخصصی)، پیرامون ارتباط سوال، وضوح و سادگی آن به موضوع تحقیق مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در مرحله کمی پرسشنامه طراحی شده در بین 203 نفر از زنان شاغل در شرکت ایران خودرو به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس توزیع شد. همچنین جهت سنجش روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه از روایی محتوا، روایی سازه و پیش بین استفاده شد. داده های مرحله کمی با نرم افزار SPSS ویرایش 24 و با در نظر گرفتن مقدار احتمال 05/0≥p تحلیل شد.یافته ها: در مرحله اول کیفی بر اساس ادبیات تحقیق، مصاحبه کیفی با گروه هدف و ابزارهای موجود در حوزه خشونت علیه زنان، شش بعد خشونت علیه زنان در محیط کار شامل خشونت روانی، خشونت کلامی، خشونت مالی، خشونت جسمی، خشونت جنسی و خشونت زنان علیه زنان شناسایی و ذیل این شش بعد 105 گویه طراحی و به عنوان مخزن گویه از نظر روایی محتوا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس شاخص روایی محتوا سوالاتی مورد پذیرش قرارگرفت که نمره ای بیشتر از میانگین کل ابزار را کسب کرده بودند. در پایان این مرحله کیفی 52 گویه باقی ماند که وارد مرحله میدانی جهت سنجش روایی و پایایی شدند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی 37 گویه باقی ماند که بر روی شش عامل بارگزاری شدند. این شش عامل در مجموع 7/57 درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین نمودند. مقدار ضریب آلفای کرنباخ ابزار از 648/0 در بعد خشونت جسمی تا 863/0 در بعد خشونت جنسی متغیر بود. ضریب همبستگی درون طبقاتی از 718/0 تا 915/0 متغیر بود. بین رضایت شغلی و هر یک از ابعاد خشونت علیه زن در محیط کار همبستگی منفیِ قوی و معناداری (ضریب همبستگی از 314/0- تا 505/0-) به دست آمد و افراد دارای تجربه خشونت خانگی بطور معناداری در محیط کار نیز خشونت بیشتری نسبت به گروه مقابل تجربه کرده بودند. از لحاظ وضعیت خشونت در محیط کار خشونت روانی در رتبه اول و بعد از آن به ترتیب ابعاد خشونت زن علیه زن، خشونت مالی، کلامی، جسمی و جنسی قرار گرفت.نتیجه گیری: در این پژوهش ابزاری استاندارد با توجه به مرور ادبیات تحقیق، انجام مصاحبه کیفی و در نهایت مرحله میدانی طراحی شد. با توجه به محدودیت های بیان شده، ابزار طراحی شده می تواند جهت رصد وضعیت خشونت عیله زنان در محیط کار و از ابعاد گوناگون برای پژوهشگران این حوزه موثر واقع شود. واژگان كليدي: خشونت علیه زنان در محیط کار، طراحی ابزار، روانسنجی، پرسشنامه

Introduction: "Violence in the workplace" is a concern for every woman in every workplace and is a global problem that is on the rise. And leads to a lack of security in the workplace for women. However, one of the gaps in the research work in this field is the lack of a questionnaire and appropriate tools to measure the dimensions and extent of violence against women in the workplace. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted with the aim of designing and testing the psychometric properties of instruments for measuring violence against women working in the workplace. Methods: The present study was designed and conducted with a qualitative and a quantitative stage using a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data. In order to prepare a suitable item pool, two sources were considered: In the qualitative stage, first a qualitative interview was conducted with the target population of the research (five female employees of the Iran Khodro Company) and then to review the research literature, all sources on Violence against women and the tools used in it were reviewed. The qualitative phase of the study ended with a Delphi round. The Content validity index was used to check the content validity. For this purpose, the opinion of 10 experts (Master and PhD) on the relevance of the question, its clarity and simplicity to the research topic was examined. In a quantitative stage, the designed questionnaire was distributed among 203 women working in Iran Khodro Company by Convenient sampling method. Content validity, construct and predictive validity was used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and considering the probability value of p≤0.05.Findings: In the qualitative stage, based on the research literature, qualitative interviews with the target population and existing tools in the field of violence against women, six dimensions of violence against women in the workplace including psychological violence, verbal violence, financial violence, physical violence, sexual violence and violence against women by Women were identified and 105 items were designed under these six dimensions and as a item pool, in terms of content validity, structural validity and reliability were examined. Based on this content validity index, questions were accepted that scored higher than the average of the whole tool. At the end of this qualitative stage, 52 items remained that entered the field stage to measure validity and reliability. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, 37 questions remained that were loaded on six components. These six components explained 57.7% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the instrument ranged from 0.648 in the dimension of physical violence to 0.863 in the dimension of sexual violence. Intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.718 to 0.915. There was a strong and negative correlation between job satisfaction and each dimension of violence against women in the workplace, and people with experience of domestic violence in the workplace also experienced significantly more violence than the other group. In terms of the status of violence in the workplace, psychological violence was ranked first and followed by the dimensions of violence against women, financial, verbal, physical and sexual violence, respectively.Conclusion: In this research, a standard tool was designed according to reviewing the research literature, conducting a qualitative interview and finally a survey phase. According to the stated limitations, the designed tool can be effective for researchers in this field to monitor the situation of violence against women in the workplace and from various dimensions.Keywords: Violence against women in the workplace, Design of measurement tools, Psychometrics, questionnaire

Introduction: "Violence in the workplace" is a concern for every woman in every workplace and is a global problem that is on the rise. And leads to a lack of security in the workplace for women. However, one of the gaps in the research work in this field is the lack of a questionnaire and appropriate tools to measure the dimensions and extent of violence against women in the workplace. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted with the aim of designing and testing the psychometric properties of instruments for measuring violence against women working in the workplace. Methods: The present study was designed and conducted with a qualitative and a quantitative stage using a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data. In order to prepare a suitable item pool, two sources were considered: In the qualitative stage, first a qualitative interview was conducted with the target population of the research (five female employees of the Iran Khodro Company) and then to review the research literature, all sources on Violence against women and the tools used in it were reviewed. The qualitative phase of the study ended with a Delphi round. The Content validity index was used to check the content validity. For this purpose, the opinion of 10 experts (Master and PhD) on the relevance of the question, its clarity and simplicity to the research topic was examined. In a quantitative stage, the designed questionnaire was distributed among 203 women working in Iran Khodro Company by Convenient sampling method. Content validity, construct and predictive validity was used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and considering the probability value of p≤0.05.Findings: In the qualitative stage, based on the research literature, qualitative interviews with the target population and existing tools in the field of violence against women, six dimensions of violence against women in the workplace including psychological violence, verbal violence, financial violence, physical violence, sexual violence and violence against women by Women were identified and 105 items were designed under these six dimensions and as a item pool, in terms of content validity, structural validity and reliability were examined. Based on this content validity index, questions were accepted that scored higher than the average of the whole tool. At the end of this qualitative stage, 52 items remained that entered the field stage to measure validity and reliability. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, 37 questions remained that were loaded on six components. These six components explained 57.7% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the instrument ranged from 0.648 in the dimension of physical violence to 0.863 in the dimension of sexual violence. Intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.718 to 0.915. There was a strong and negative correlation between job satisfaction and each dimension of violence against women in the workplace, and people with experience of domestic violence in the workplace also experienced significantly more violence than the other group. In terms of the status of violence in the workplace, psychological violence was ranked first and followed by the dimensions of violence against women, financial, verbal, physical and sexual violence, respectively.Conclusion: In this research, a standard tool was designed according to reviewing the research literature, conducting a qualitative interview and finally a survey phase. According to the stated limitations, the designed tool can be effective for researchers in this field to monitor the situation of violence against women in the workplace and from various dimensions.Keywords: Violence against women in the workplace, Design of measurement tools, Psychometrics, questionnaire

خشونت علیه زنان در محیط کار

Violence against women in the workplace

صالحی پور، اشرف

Salehi, Ashraf

قائدامینی، غلامرضا

وامقی، مروئه

ایران

دانشگاه علوم توان بخشی و سلامت اجتماعی

20210907

D

TF

279226

a

Y