عنوان

بررسی غنای محیط ارتباطی-زبانی و رابطۀ آن با وضعیت ارتباطی و زبانی کودکان دارای رشد طبیعی زیر 18 ماه

Introduction : Social environment is a situation that surrounds the child. Numerous factors affect the social environment of the child, including the socio-economic status of parents, how the child interacts with peers, the status of parent-child interaction and especially maternal responsiveness andinteractive contexts such as playing with toys, reading books, time they mentioned eating and dressing, the media, especially television, books and toys, as well as new toys such as mobile phones and tablets, the age of the child caregiver, and the order in which the child was born. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the above factors on language status and communication of children under 18 months in Iran. Method: The present study is a cross-sectional methodological and descriptive-analytical research that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, designing the research tool and examining its psychometric properties, including content validity, face validity and reliability of the questionnaire, and in the second stage, the subjects' environmental richness using the researcher-made environmental richness questionnaire and their communication and language status by MacArthur Base Communication Development Inventory. In this study, mothers of children with normal growth of under the 18 months, which included 167 people, were selected from the provinces of Tehran, Fars, Gilan, Mazandaran, Yazd, Khorasan Razavi to answer the questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods such as mean (standard deviation, frequency (percentage)) of Spearman correlation. Significance level α = 0.05 was considered and the findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.Results: The results of the first phase of this study showed that according to the content validity (CVR <75), (CVI <81),and face validity was upper 1/5 for each quastaion.he prepared questionnaire has a formal validity and acceptable content. In addition, the validity of the test-retest of this questionnaire (ICC = 88) was obtained. The results of the study of the relationship between environmental richness and speech and language development and the relationship showed a direct correlation between some factors of environmental richness and speech and language development of the child, some of the most important of which we discuss between mother's education and response rate.( significance confficient was 0.01 and correlation confficient was 0.199).There is a significant relationship. There is a significant relationship between birth rank and maternal responsiveness(significance confficient was 0.03 and correlation confficient was 0.168).Increasing the parent-child interaction (significance confficient was 0.008 and correlation confficient was 0.205) also improves the child's language status and communication. In the correlation of the child's interaction with peers(significance confficient was 0.012 and correlation confficient was 0.193) has it. There is a significant correlation between maternal responsiveness and speech and language status( significance confficient was 0.001 and correlation confficient was 0.679) .Also, there is a significant inverse correlation between media and language and communication status(significance confficient was 0.001 and correlation confficient was 0.327).There is a significant and direct relationship between the child's play opportunity and language and communication status(significance confficient was 0.001 and correlation confficient was 0.278) and in the correlation between the number of children's books and communication and language status( significance confficient was 0.001 and correlation confficient was 0.257) There is also a meaningful and direct relationship. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the designed environmental richness questionnaire has high validity and reliability. In addition, the findings showed that some factors have a direct and positive effect on language development and communication, one factor has an inverse and negative effect and other factors have no effect on language development and communication. Factors that directly affected language development and communication include: mother's education, maternal responsiveness, birth rate and impact on maternal responsiveness, parent-child interaction, child-peer interaction, child-play opportunity, number Children's books pointed out that with the increase of all the mentioned factors, we will see an improvement in the state of language and communication. The factor of media and its correlation with language and communication was a factor that had an adverse effect on the development of speech and language. In other words, the more media use increases, we will see a decline in children's language and communication status. In this study, factors such as socio-economic status, parent age, child birth rate, interactive context had no effect on speech, language and communication development.