A Rest from Binary Fiction: The Portrayal of Gender-neutral Characters in Selected Contemporary Works of Science Fiction
[Thesis]
/حدیثی، فرشته
: Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages
, 1397(2018)
, rashedi
140p.
Print - Electronic
Master of arts
, Department of English Language and Literature
1398/03/07
This thesis focuses on the portrayal of gender-neutral characters in the genre science fiction as an element for conveying serious matters and discusses the their imaginative nature, functions and performativity of binary definitions and their relation to social power. While the previous works centralized on sex and sexuality of gender-neutral characters, this thesis tries to find the initial ways of actualizing this neutrality. Besides, unlike other works, this study converges this portrayal with critical theories to illuminate the outcome of such attempt and its plausible future. For that matter, the debates among the critics about language, then the definitions and differences between sexes, gender and sexuality are reviewed through various queer genders like transgender and androgyny as the means to delineate gender-neutrality. These theories have merge with literature in every step becoming more direct and psychological through the time, recently blending with media as the most modern way of communication. With the rise of second wave feminism this amalgamation reached its climax with the genre science-fiction for its distinctive attributes that broaches fundamental query on society. The theories of Michelle Foucault and Judith Butler about power and gender performativity are utilized to analyze characters, language, and point of view in the works and the techniques used by each writer to eliminate gender. A comparison of these works with the ones produced in media is also included to realize the relative success of each. The works selected for the this purpose are from the contemporary science-fiction works named, The left Hand Of Darkness, The Winters King, and Coming of Age in Karhide by Ursual K. Le Guin, Aye, and Gomorrah by Samuel R. Delany, and And Salome Danced by Kelley Eskridge, with a look at K.A.Cook's Misstery Man. In a nutshell, this thesis conducts a research based method to find the relation between gender-neutrality, discrimination and power, eventually deciding the upper-hand of power in all societies. Studying the possibility of a postgender utopia in comparison with the fictional ones, enables us to apprehend and aspire experimental acts initiated in neutralizing gender in current societies; that is a metaphoric gender elimination in the minds of the readers and future generation as the first steps of the mental elimination of gender.
در این رساله به مقوله ی نوینی در داستان های علمی -تخیلی به نام جنسیت خنثی طبیعت پرپندار، عملکرد مضاعف و روابط آنها با مقوله ی قدرت به عنوان وسیله ای جهت تحلیل موضوعات عمقی تر پرداخته شده است .علارغم تمرکز مطالعات قبلی بر جنسیت این شخصیت ها، در این رساله سعی بر تحلیل نحوه وجودیت بخشیدن به این نوع شخصیت ها داشته، و برخلاف سایر مطالعات بر روشن سازی نتایج و آینده ی قابل استماع متاثر از چنین آثاری تمرکز شده است .بدین منظور جهت شفاف سازی جنسیت خنثی در ابتدا به مباحث بین منتقدان در حیته ی زبان و سپس تعاریف و تفاوت های پایه های هویت فردی از طریق بررسی جنسیت های غیر معمول پرداخته شده است .تمامی این نظریه ها در طول تاریخ با ادبیات ادغام و به شکل آثار ادبی درآمده اند، که در گذر زمان شفاف تر و روانشناسانه تر شده و در سال های اخیر به سرعت از طریق روش نوین برقراری ارتباط یا همان رسانه در اختیار افراد قرار می گیرند .به همین ترتیب با اوج گرفتن جنبش زنان در اواسط قرن20 ام، داستان های
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بازنمود شخصیت های بدون جنسیت در گزیدهای از آثار علمی تخیلی معاصر