ارزیابی کارایی مدل خاکدانه کروی منفرد (SSA) در آبشویی یک خاک شور رس سیلتی از دشت تبریز
/معصومه صبری
تبریز: دانشگاه تبریز
۱۳۱ ص.
:، جدول، نمودار، عکس، لوح فشرده
چاپی
واژه نامه بصورت زیرنویس
کتابنامه ص.: ۱۲۰-۱۲۸
کارشناسی ارشد
مهندسی کشاورزی-خاکشناسی
۱۳۸۵/۱۲/۲۵
تبریز: دانشگاه تبریز
نا کافی بودن اراضی مناسب برای کشاورزی و پیشروی شوری در خاک های زیرکشت، افزایش جمعیت و کم شدن منابع آب و خاک از انگیزه های اصلی جهت اصلاح خاک های شور می باشند .یکی از طرق متداول اصلاح خاک های شور استفاده از آبشویی املاح است .تاکنون روش های مختلفی برای آبشویی خاک های شور به منظور بهبود کارایی آبشویی بکار گرفته شده است .از جمله این روش ها، آبشویی متناوب است .اخیرا مدلی بنام مدل خاکدانه کروی منفرد (SSA) جهت پیش بینی کارائی آبشویی مداوم و متناوب گزارش و نشان داده است در خاک های دارای ساختمان یا بافت ناهمگن اشباع متناوب خاک در مقایسه با اشباع مداوم، منجر به افزایش بازده آبشویی می شود .هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی مدل مذکور و مقایسه کارائی دو شیوه آبشویی در یک خاک شور منتخب از دشت تبریز با بافت رس سیلیتی بود .به همین منظورآبشویی متناوب و مداوم بر روی ستونی از آن خاک با طول ۳۰وقطر ۶/۷ سانتی متر و با اندازه های خاکدانه۲- ۱،۵/۰ - ۲و خاک گذرانده شده از الک چهار میلیمتر با دو سرعت جریان ( (Ks۵/۰, Ks جهت مقایسه کارایی آبشویی املاح به دو روش ممتد و متناوب انجام یافت .خاک مورد آزمایش دارای EC و SAR به ترتیب ۱۸ دسیزیمنس برمتر و ۸۳/۳ بود .برای انجام آبشویی، از محلول کلرید کلسیم با EC چهاردسیزیمنس برمتر استفاده شد .درآزمایش آبشویی ممتد، آبشویی ستون به صورت اشباع بطور مداوم تا رسیدن به EC نزدیک ۴ دسیزیمنس بر متردرمحلول خروجی از زیر ستون ادامه یافت .درآبشویی متناوب، ستون طی چندین نوبت به مدت تعیین شده
Insufficient land for agriculture, gradual salinization of arable lands and steadily increases in population and decrease in water resources all call for necessity of saline soil reclamation. Leaching has been the most prevailed method. Many approaches have been examined to improve its efficiency. Intermittent as compared to continuous leaching of saline soils have been introduced in this respect. Recently Cote et al. (1999) introduced the single spherical aggregate model (SSA) and through theoretical analysis they deduced that in heterogeneous textured and structured soils intermittent leaching would lead to greater efficiency (FL) than continuous leaching. The purpose of this study was to examine SSA model and compare FL between the two leaching regimes in a saline soil (EC = 18 dS /m and SAR =3.8) from Tabriz plain, northwest of Iran. Salt leaching was carried out using disturbed soil columns at 30cm length and 7.6 cm diameter employing three aggregate sizes (0.5-2, 1-2 and <4 mm) and two water flux densities equivalent to 0.5 and 1 Ks, under saturated conditions. In continuous leaching prepared soil columns (Db=1.16 g/cm3) were steadily leached by CaCl2 solution (EC = 4 dS/m) until EC of leachate approached to 4 dS/m. In intermittent leaching, soil columns were leached at several cycles (4 to10), each cycle was carried out at 3 steps. At first step, CaCl2 solution was passed through the columns during specified period (25 to 85 minutes). At the second step 28 cm suction was imposed from the bottom of the columns in order to drain and empty the flow path. This took from 50 to150 minutes. In the last step, called dry period, the imposed suction was continued until drainage from the column ceased or became negligible. At each experiment run fractional volumes of leachate and their EC were recorded and were used to compute leaching efficiency (FL) and breakthrough curve. Results showed that intermittent leaching, in contrast to the SSA model prediction, did not yield greater FL compared to continuous leaching. Under intermittent leaching however, reducing water flux from Ks to 0.5 Ks and increase aggregates size from 1-2 to <4 mm both increased FL (p<0.05), while under continuous leaching they did not affect FL. Data analyses showed that under high water flux preferential flow would lead to more accurate prediction at SSA model. In the other words this model fitted experimental data satisfactory when greater pore water velocity was established during intermittent leaching. Time required to impose dry period in intermittent leaching considerable increased leaching time compare to continuous leaching. For example in soil column with equivalent aggregate diameter of 1.86 cm leaching out 90 of the solutes took 9.14 hrs in intermittent leaching compared to about 5 hrs in continuous leaching. Results showed that several variables such as aggregates size, flux density, soil texture and etc are effective in leaching efficiency and quantifying each variable effect in SSA model needs further investigation.