The Arab Middle East / Martin Bunton - West Africa / David Owusu-Ansah - East Africa / Valerie J. Hoffman - Turkey / Markus Dressler - Iran / Elton L. Daniel - Central Asia / Devin DeWeese - Southeast Asia / Nelly van Doorn-Harder - Europe / John R. Bowen - The Diaspora in the West / Amir Hussain - The Quran / Gordon Nickel and Andrew Rippin - Muhammad / Michael Lecker - Sunni law / Robert Gleave - Theology : freewill and predestination / Suleiman Ali Mourad - Ritual life / Zayn Kassam - Rites of Passage / Zayn Kassam - Sufism / Art Buehler - Shi'ism / William Shepard - Relations with other religions / David Thomas - The Arabic language / Mustafa Shah - Philosophy / Oliver Leaman - The scientific tradition / George Saliba - Education / Jeffrey C. Burke - The transmission of knowledge / Paul L. Heck - Travel / David Waines - 'Abd al-Jabbar / Gabriel Said Reynolds - Na'im al-Mulk / Neguin Yevari - Al-Ghazali / Frank Griffel - Ibn 'Arabi / Sajjad H. Rizvi - Ibn Taymiyya / David Waines - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi / Zayn Kassam - Al-Suyti / Suleiman Ali Mourad - Shah Wali Allah / Marcia Hermansen - Bedi'zzaman Said Nursi / Zeki Saritoprak - Sayyid Qutb / William Shepard - Fazlur Rahman / Earle H. Waugh - Art / Hussein Keshani - Architecture / Hussein Keshani - Material culture / James E. Lindsay - Military organization and warfare / Niall Christie - Popular piety and cultural practices / Earle H. Waugh - Music / Michael Frishkopf - Cinema / Ganal Danmez-Colin - Civilization / Akbar Ahmed - Social change / Ebrahim Moosa - Secularism / Amila Buturovic - Public ethics / Amyn B. Sajoo - Marriage, family, and sexual ethics / Kecia Ali - Women, gender and human rights / Simonetta Calderini - Religious minority rights / Christopher Buck.