Does criminal liability require an act? -- Motive and criminal liability -- The costs to criminal theory of supposing that intentions are irrelevant to permissibility -- Transferred intent -- The nature and justifiability of nonconsummate offenses -- Strict liability, justice, and proportionality -- The sequential principle of relative culpability -- Willful ignorance, knowledge, and the 'equal culpability' thesis : a study of the deeper significance of the principle of legality -- Rapes without rapists : consent and reasonable mistake -- Mistake of law and culpability -- On the supposed priority of justification to excuse -- Partial defenses -- The 'but everybody does that!' defense -- The de minimis 'defense' to criminal liability -- Why punish the deserving? -- Malum prohibitum and retributivism -- 'Already punished enough'.