1. Introduction -- Part I. The formation of the Islamic tradition of reason: 1. The problem of reason in Islam: is Islam a non-rational religion and civilization?; 2. The diversity of reason; 3. Empirical knowledge of the mind of God; 4. The failure of the Farabian synthesis of religion and philosophy; 5. Mysticism, post-classical Islamic philosophy, and the rise and fall of Islamic science -- Part II. Logic, education, and doubt: 6. Where is Islamic logic?: the triumph of scholastic rationalism in Islamic education; 7. The long afternoon of Islamic logic; 8. The institutionalization of disagreement -- Part III. The fall and the future of Islamic rationalism: 9. The decline and fall of scholastic reason in Islam; 10. A chaos of certitudes: the future of Islamic reason.