From idealism to realism, Wilsonian intent to Cold War practice. -- The ironic legacy of the King-Crane Commission / James Gelvin -- The "Ambassador for the Arabs": the Locke Mission and the unmaking of U.S. development diplomacy in the Near East, 1952-1953 / Paul W.T. Kingston -- U.S. foreign policy toward Iran during the Mussadiq era / Mark Gasiorowski -- The Mussadiq era in Iran, 1951-1953: a contemporary diplomat's view / Sir Sam Falle -- National security concerns in U.S. policy toward Egypt, 1949-1956 / Peter Hahn -- The perils of ambiguity: the United States and the Baghdad Pact / Elie Podeh -- The 1957 American-Syrian Crisis: globalist policy in a regional reality / David W. Lesch -- U.S. policy and military intervention in the 1958 Lebanon Crisis / Erika Alin -- The United States and Nasserist Pan-Arabism / Malik Mufti. Part Two. Arab-Israeli war and peace -- The 1967 Arab-Israeli War: U.S. actions and Arab perceptions / Fawaz A. Gerges -- Flawed strategies and missed signals: crisis bargaining between the superpowers, October 1973 / Janice Gross Stein -- The United States and Israel: the nature of a special relationship / Bernard Reich -- The U.S.-PLO relationship: from dialogue to the White House lawn / JoAnn A. DiGeorgio-Lutz -- From Madrid and Oslo to Camp David: The United States and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1991-2001 / Jeremy Pressman -- The Bush Administration and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: the first term and beyond / Robert O. Freedman. Part three. Gulf wars -- The United States in the Persian Gulf: from twin pillars to dual containment / Gary Sick -- Closing the distance: Kuwait and the United States in the Persian Gulf / Shafeeq N. Ghabra -- U.S. input into Iraqi decisionmaking, 1988-1990 / Amatzia Baram -- From "over the horizon" to "into the backyard": the U.S.- Saudi relationship in the Gulf / F. Gregory Gause III -- The Iraq War of 2003: why did the United States decide to invade? / Steve A. Yetiv -- What went wrong in Iraq? / Ali R. Abootalebi. Part Four. Retrospective and reassessment -- The Soviet perception of the U.S. threat / Georgiy Mirsky -- The push and pull of strategic cooperation: the U.S. relationship with Turkey in the Middle East / Henri J. Barkey -- The United States and Afghanistan: from marginality to global concern / Marvin G. Weinbaum -- Is it time for the United States to give up on Arab liberals / Jon B. Alterman -- New US policies for a new Middle East / William B. Quandt -- Islamist perceptions of US policy in the Middle East / Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad -- Postscript: Americans and the Muslim world-- first encounters / Robert J. Allison.