3.Static Linearity --Limitations for the Static Linearity --Matching of Current Sources --Statistical Description of the INL --Statistical Description of the DNL --Minimum Area Requirements --Code-Dependent Output Impedance. --Dynamic Element Matching Techniques --Clocked Level Averaging --Data-Weighted Averaging --Other DEM Techniques --Current Source Calibration --Factory Trimming --Self-calibration --Local Calibration DAC --Global Calibration DAC --Trimmable Floating Current Source --Dynamic Current Calibration --4.Dynamic Linearity --Limitations for the Dynamic Linearity --Frequency-DependentOutput Impedance --A Generalized Switching Error Model --Switching Transition Mismatch --Charge Sharing at the Switching Node --A SPICE-Simulation Example --Other Nonlinear Effects --Methods to Improve the Dynamic Performance --Current Switch with Reduced Gate Voltage Swing --Source Node Bootstrapping --Source Node Isolation --Differential Quad Switching --Constant Digital Activity --Return-to-Zero and Track/Attenuate. --Double Return-to-Zero --Full-Clock Interleaved Current Cells --
1.Introduction --Integrated D/A-Converters --DACs for Highly Integrated Transceivers --The Ideal D/A-Converter --The Non Return-to-Zero DAC --The Return-to-Zero DAC --The Current-Steering DAC --General Description --Single-Polarity and Dual-Polarity Current Cells --Passive and Active Output Stage --Array Coding --Unary Array --Binary Array --Segmented Array --2.Performance Figures of D/A-Converters --Static Accuracy --Gain and Offset Error --Differential Nonlinearity --Integral Nonlinearity --Dynamic Performance. --Harmonic Distortion --Intermodulation Distortion --Spurious Free Dynamic Range --Dynamic Range --Multitone Linearity --Noise Performance --Quantization "Noise" --Circuit Noise --Jitter Noise --