The relationship between genotype and phenotype : some basic concepts / Philip Stanier and Gudrun Moore -- Uses of databases in dysmorphology / Michael Baraitser -- Human cytogenetics / J.D.A. Delhanty -- Identification and analysis of genes involved in congenital malformation syndromes / Peter J. Scambler -- Transgenic technology and its role in understanding normal and abnormal mammalian development / Valerie Vidal and Andreas Schedl -- Chemical teratogens : hazards, tools, and clues / Nigel A. Brown -- The limbs / Patrizia Ferretti and Cheryll Tickle -- Brain and spinal cord / Andrew J. Copp -- Birth defects affecting the eye / Jane C. Sowden -- The ear / Sarah L. Spiden and Karen P. Steel -- Development of the enteric nervous system in relation to Hirschsprung's Disease / Heather M. Young, Donald F. Newgreen and Alan J. Burns -- The head / Gillian M. Morriss-Kay -- The heart / Deborah Henderson, Mary R. Hutson and Margaret L. Kirby -- The skin / Ahmad Waseem and Irene M. Leigh -- The vertebral column / David Rice and Susanne Dietrich -- The kidney / Paul J.D. Winyard -- The teeth / Irma Thesleff.