Social Behavior of the Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) Investigated by Telemetry and Photo-Identification
[Thesis]
Cioffi, William Richard
Read, Andrew J.
Duke University
2020
155
Ph.D.
Duke University
2020
Studies of the social behavior of Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) are challenging because of their pelagic habitat and the limited time they spend at the surface. The sociality of these deepest diving mammals is of great interest, however, including how social behavior might influence responses to anthropogenic disturbance as this species has a history of stranding in association with certain types of human-created noise. Beyond conservation concerns, the beaked whales (Family Ziphiidae) are a valuable group for the comparative study of the ecological influences on mammalian social evolution since they are an "out group within an out group", including some of the most extreme diving mammals within the Cetacea which are themselves one of the few mammalian groups to become secondarily fully aquatic. The beaked whales are also the second most speciose family in the cetaceans and so can lend statistical power to formal comparative analyses. One unifying characteristic of most beaked whale species is sexually dimorphic dentition, where only adult males have erupted tusks which they appear to use as weapons in contests with each other as evidenced by the high level of scarring in adult males. Despite this, previous studies suggest a substantial amount of variation in beaked whale social structure and mating systems.